Plasma pharmacometabolomics of inhaled corticosteroid-related adrenal suppression in asthma.

Background: Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are frequently prescribed medications for asthma symptoms, but higher doses can increase risks of adrenal insufficiency through suppression of endogenous cortisol production. Understanding which patients may be at increased risk for developing adrenal suppression related to ICS use may help providers improve treatment regimens for asthma patients; however, the mechanisms underlying ICS-related adrenal insufficiency have not been clarified.

Objective: This study identifies metabolite signatures and biochemical pathways associated with ICS-related adrenal insufficiency in asthma patients.

Comparative proteomic and transcriptomic analysis of testicular tissue of yaks with or without cryptorchidism.

Yak is a large plateau mammal with low reproduction rate, while cryptorchidism is a major reproductive disorder associated with infertility in highland yaks. To better understand the occurrence of cryptorchidism and its regulatory mechanisms in yaks, we conducted a multi-omic analysis, and screened a total of 4456 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 332 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between normal and unilateral cryptorchid testes of yaks using high-throughput transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) and Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)-based proteomics techniques, with testes from yaks with cryptorchidism as the target. Enrichment analysis revealed that the DEGs were associated with cell growth, sperm motility, immune regulation, and intercellular tight junctions, and were mainly enriched in pathways related to cell differentiation; amino acid, sugar, and lipid metabolism; cell adhesion, and hypoxia tolerance.

Network Analysis Reveals Protein Modules Associated with Childhood Respiratory Diseases.

Background: The first year of life represents a dynamic immune development period that impacts the risk of developing respiratory-related diseases, including asthma, recurrent infections, and eczema. However, the role of immune-mediating proteins in childhood respiratory diseases is not well characterized in early life.

Methods: We applied weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) to derive modules of highly correlated proteins during early life immune development using plasma samples collected from children at age 1 year (N=294) in the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial (VDAART).

A western dietary pattern during pregnancy is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood and adolescence.

Despite the high prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders, the influence of maternal diet during pregnancy on child neurodevelopment remains understudied. Here we show that a western dietary pattern during pregnancy is associated with child neurodevelopmental disorders. We analyse self-reported maternal dietary patterns at 24 weeks of pregnancy and clinically evaluated neurodevelopmental disorders at 10 years of age in the COPSAC2010 cohort (n = 508).

The ferroptosis of sertoli cells inducing blood-testis barrier damage is produced by oxidative stress in cryptorchidism.

Oxidative Stress (OS) is the main cause of damage to the Blood-Testis Barrier (BTB) in cryptorchidism, which seriously endangers male reproductive health. It is well known that the OS induced ferroptosis is an important cause of dysfunction in the body. However, it is still unknown whether BTB damage in cryptorchidism leads to ferroptosis of Sertoli cells.

Analysis of Histochemical Characteristics of Submandibular Gland of the Bactrian Camel.

The ultrastructure of submandibular gland (SMG) of Bactrian camels was observed by a transmission electron microscope. Routine HE staining, special staining combined with immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence techniques were used to study the histochemical characteristics of the submandibular gland and the localisation and distribution characteristics of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). HE results showed that the submandibular gland of Bactrian camels was composed of mixed serous and mucinous acini glands.

Exploring the Varied Clinical Presentation of Pediatric Asthma through the Metabolome.

Rationale: Pediatric asthma is heterogeneous, with varied clinical presentations and treatment responses. Metabolomic profiling may uncover shared and unique biological mechanisms across clinical traits that characterize pediatric asthma.

Objectives: To characterize the varied clinical presentation of pediatric asthma by examining the metabolome's relationship with 22 clinical traits, categorized into 5 phenotypic domains: airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), atopy, lung function (LF), blood eosinophil (B-EOS), and blood neutrophil (B-NEU).

Identification of MORF4L1 as an endogenous substrate of CRBN and its potential role as a therapeutic target in cancer.

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is essential for cellular homeostasis, regulating the degradation of proteins involved in key processes such as cell cycle, apoptosis, and DNA repair. Dysregulation of the UPS is implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), contributing to tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. The cereblon (CRBN) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex is a crucial component of the UPS, particularly in modulating protein degradation in response to small-molecule modulators like thalidomide.

Induces Apoptosis in Chicken Oviduct Cells.

(MS) is an important pathogen that can cause respiratory diseases in poultry and birds, leading to serious economic losses in the world and impacting the development of the poultry industry. However, the pathogenic mechanisms of MS infection are still unclear, resulting in a lack of effective diagnosis and treatment strategies. This study aimed to uncover the infection effect caused by MS in chicken oviduct cells.

Leveraging DNA methylation to create Epigenetic Biomarker Proxies that inform clinical care: A new framework for Precision Medicine.

The lack of accurate, cost-effective, and clinically relevant biomarkers remains a major barrier to incorporating omic data into clinical practice. Previous studies have shown that DNA methylation algorithms have utility as surrogate measures for selected proteins and metabolites. We expand upon this work by creating DNAm surrogates, termed epigenetic biomarker proxies (EBPs), across clinical laboratories, the metabolome, and the proteome.

Effect of Exercise Intervention on Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Symptoms in Cancer Patients: A Meta-analysis.

Background: Exercise has been widely used to improve chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy symptoms in cancer patients in recent years; however, there is insufficient evidence to support the effectiveness of exercise intervention in cancer patients.

Objective: This review aims to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of exercise intervention in the management of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy symptoms in cancer patients and to explore effective exercise intervention characteristics by comparing the effects of different exercise prescriptions.

Methods: Ten databases were systematically searched from published up to May 2024.

Comprehensive multi-omics analysis elucidates colchicine-induced toxicity mechanisms and unveils the therapeutic potential of MLN4924 and kinase inhibitors.

Colchicine is a widely prescribed anti-inflammatory drug for the treatment of gout, familial Mediterranean fever and pericarditis, but its narrow therapeutic window presents a significant risk of severe toxicity. Despite its clinical relevance, the molecular mechanisms underlying colchicine's pharmacological effects and associated toxicity and explored potential therapeutic interventions to mitigate its adverse effects. We showed the colchicine's impact on cellular morphology in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and HeLa cells including cell rounding and detachment following 24 h of exposure that revealed pronounced cytotoxic effects.

Relationship of thyroid parameters with chronic inflammation in patients with euthyroid type 2 diabetes.

Aims: We evaluated the association of multiple thyroid parameters with the levels interleukin 6 (IL6) and interleukin 8 (IL8) in patients with euthyroid type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: A total of 166 adults with euthyroid T2D were examined. Serum IL6, IL8, triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxin (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), five thyroid sensitivity indexes (FT3/FT4, TSH index [TSHI], thyrotroph T4 resistance index [TT4RI], thyroid feedback quantile-based index by FT3 [TFQI], and TFQI), and biochemical parameters were determined.

Measurement of circulating viral antigens post-SARS-CoV-2 infection in a multicohort study.

Objectives: To determine the proportion of individuals with detectable antigen in plasma or serum after SARS-CoV-2 infection and the association of antigen detection with postacute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) symptoms.

Methods: Plasma and serum samples were collected from adults participating in four independent studies at different time points, ranging from several days up to 14 months post-SARS-CoV-2 infection. The primary outcome measure was to quantify SARS-CoV-2 antigens, including the S1 subunit of spike, full-length spike, and nucleocapsid, in participant samples.

An Overview of Research Advances in Oncology Regarding the Transcription Factor ATF4.

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in research on ATF4 (Activating Transcription Factor 4) within the field of oncology. As a crucial transcription factor, ATF4 has garnered increasing attention for its role in cancer research. The review begins with an exploration of the regulatory mechanisms of ATF4, including its transcriptional control, post-translational modifications, and interactions with other transcription factors.

Migration and transformation behaviors of potentially toxic elements and the underlying mechanisms in bauxite residue: Insight from various revegetation strategies.

Revegetation is a promising strategy for large-scale bauxite residue disposal and management, potentially influencing the geochemical stability of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) through rhizosphere processes. However, the geochemical behaviors of PTEs and the underlying mechanisms during bauxite residue revegetation remain unclear. This study examined the migration and transformation behaviors of PTEs and their underlying mechanisms in the bauxite residue-vegetation-leachate system under various revegetation strategies, including single and co-planting of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.

Pregnancy complications and birth outcomes following low-level exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the vitamin D antenatal asthma reduction trial.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of synthetic, highly fluorinated aliphatic compounds, commonly utilised in a wide variety of consumer products with diverse applications. Since the genesis of these compounds, a growing body of evidence has demonstrated adverse health effects associated with PFAS exposure. In a racially diverse cohort of 459 pregnant mothers, demographically weighted towards minority representation (black 44.

Bilirubin metabolism in early life and respiratory health during preschool age: A combined analysis of two independent birth cohorts.

Background: Bilirubin has antioxidant properties, and elevated levels within the normal range have been associated with improved lung function and decreased risk of asthma in adults, but studies of young children are scarce. Here, we investigate associations between bilirubin in early life and respiratory health endpoints during preschool age in two independent birth cohorts.

Methods: Bilirubin metabolites were assessed at ages 0.

Chemodiversity of dissolved organic matter and its association with the bacterial community at a zinc smelting slag site after 10 years of direct revegetation.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a critical role in driving the development of biogeochemical functions in revegetated metal smelting slag sites, laying a fundamental basis for their sustainable rehabilitation. However, the DOM composition at the molecular level and its interaction with the microbial community in such sites undergoing long-term direct revegetation remain poorly understood. This study investigated the chemodiversity of DOM and its association with the bacterial community in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere slags of four plant species (Arundo donax, Broussonetia papyrifera, Cryptomeria fortunei, and Robinia pseudoacacia) planted at a zinc smelting slag site for 10 years.

Untargeted metabolomic analysis reveals different metabolites associated with response to mepolizumab and omalizumab in asthma.

Background: There is limited evidence on biomarkers associated with response to the monoclonal antibodies currently approved for asthma treatment. We sought to identify circulatory metabolites associated with response to treatment with mepolizumab or omalizumab.

Methods: We conducted global metabolomic profiling of pre-treatment plasma samples from 100 patients with moderate-to-severe asthma who initiated mepolizumab (n=31) or omalizumab (n=69).

ALA-PDT combined with CO laser in the treatment of malignant hidroacanthoma simplex: A case report.

Hidroacanthoma simplex (HS) is a rare skin appendage tumor that typically appears on the trunk and lower limbs in the elderly. Although HS is a predominantly benign condition, the presence of cellular atypia and dermal infiltration on histological examination indicates malignant HS (MHS). 5-aminolaevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) uses a photosensitizer and corresponding light source to cause irreversible damage or death of target cells through a photochemical reaction.

sp. nov., sp. nov. and sp. nov., isolated from soil of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Six novel bacterial strains, designated N016, N017, N022, N028, N056, and N064, were isolated from soil sampled on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Cells were aerobic, orange or yellow, globular or rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. All the isolates were salt-tolerant and could grow in the range of 4-42 °C.

Spiritual needs of women with breast cancer: A structural equation model.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a structural equation model (SEM) to explore the factors influencing the spiritual needs of breast cancer patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the breast surgery department of a tertiary hospital in China from September 2020 to December 2020; convenience sampling and questionnaires were used to facilitate sampling and data collection. A total of 220 female breast cancer patients were included in the study.