Flavonoid Fisetin Alleviates Ovarian Aging of Laying Chickens by Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity and Glucose Metabolic Homeostasis.

Oxidative stress is a crucial factor contributing to ovarian follicular atresia and an imbalance in ovarian energy metabolism in poultry, leading to decreased laying performance in aging hens. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a natural flavonoid, fisetin, on laying performance, ovarian redox status, and energy metabolism in laying chickens. The results showed that dietary fisetin supplementation improved egg production and eggshell quality in aging laying chickens, reduced follicular atresia rate, promoted ovarian cell proliferation, elevated serum estrogen and progesterone levels, restored ovarian antioxidant capacity, and improved energy metabolism.

Pterostilbene, a Resveratrol Derivative, Improves Ovary Function by Upregulating Antioxidant Defenses in the Aging Chickens via Increased SIRT1/Nrf2 Expression.

Oxidative stress is recognized as a prominent factor contributing to follicular atresia and ovarian aging, which leads to decreased laying performance in hens. Reducing oxidative stress can improve ovarian function and prolong the laying period in poultry. This study investigates the impact of Pterostilbene (PTS), a natural antioxidant, on ovarian oxidative stress in low-laying chickens.

Bioactive Lignan Honokiol Alleviates Ovarian Oxidative Stress in Aging Laying Chickens by Regulating SIRT3/AMPK Pathway.

Aging is not only a key internal cause of age-related diseases in humans but also poses a threat to the productivity of farm animals with longer breeding cycles, such as laying chickens. Various measures were taken to prolong the laying period by reducing oxidative stress to improve poultry ovarian functions. Within the mitochondria, SIRT3, a member of the Sirtuin family, plays an important role in post-translational modifications and the regulation of protein activities involved in energy metabolism and oxidative response.

Nobiletin Ameliorates Aging of Chicken Ovarian Prehierarchical Follicles by Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Promoting Autophagy.

With the increase in the age of laying chickens, the aging of follicles is accelerated, and the reproductive ability is decreased. Increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial malfunction are indispensable causes of ovarian aging. In this study, the physiological condition of prehierarchical small white follicles (SWFs) was compared between D280 high-producing chickens and D580 aging chickens, and the effect of a plant-derived flavonoid nobiletin (Nob), a natural antioxidant, on senescence of SWFs granulosa cells (SWF-GCs) was investigated.

-like factor 5 activates chick intestinal stem cell and promotes mucosal repair after impairment.

The mucosal renewal, which depends on the intestinal stem cell (ISC) activity, is the foundation of mucosal repairment. Importantly, activation of reserve ISCs (rISCs) plays a vital role in initiating mucosal repair after injury. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism of rISCs activation in chickens remains unclear.

3D sheep rumen epithelial structures driven from single cells in vitro.

Ruminants play a vital economic role as livestock, providing high-quality protein for humans. At present, 3D-cultured ruminant abomasum and intestinal organoids have been successfully established to study host and pathogen interaction. The rumen is a unique digestive organ of ruminants that occupies 70% of the volume of the digestive tract and its microbiota can decompose lignocellulose to support animal growth.

Lactobacillus salivarius Promotion of Intestinal Stem Cell Activity in Hens Is Associated with Succinate-Induced Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism.

Currently, the regulation of on intestinal stem cells (ISCs) attracts broad attention, but their active ingredients and the underlying mechanism are worthy of further study. Previously, host intestinal commensal bacteria were verified to drive the differentiation of ISCs. In this study, the strong bacteriostatic activity of Lactobacillus salivarius and were illustrated, and the components (supernatant, precipitation) of or were further demonstrated to decrease the differentiation of ISCs .

Protective effect of rutin on ferroptosis-induced oxidative stress in aging laying hens through Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.

Oxidative stress is a major cause of ovarian aging and follicular atresia. There is growing evidence that showed potential roles of rutin in antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antibacterial and antioxidant, although it is yet unclear what the underlying mechanism is. Here, we looked into the potential effects of rutin on oxidative stress in the prehierarchical small white follicles (SWFs) from 580-day-old (D580) laying chickens.

Treatment patterns and outcomes of immunotherapy in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer based on real-world practice.

Background: The application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represents a breakthrough in the current landscape for the treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC), but the real-world outcome is limited. This study aimed to investigate the treatment options and efficacy evaluation of first-line, second-line, and subsequent-line immunotherapy in routine practice.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of ES-SCLC patients treated with ICIs was conducted between May 2016 and September 2021.

Naringin prevents follicular atresia by inhibiting oxidative stress in the aging chicken.

Oxidative stress is an essential inducement in follicle atresia and ovarian aging, resulting in decline in female fecundity. As a natural and effective antioxidant, naringin was investigated to relieve chicken follicle atresia and ovarian aging. First, the cultured small white follicles (SWFs) from D280 hens were pretreated with 0.

Autophagy participates in germline cyst breakdown and follicular formation by modulating glycolysis switch via Akt signaling in newly-hatched chicken ovaries.

In females, the establishment of the primordial follicle pool is accompanied by a remarkable programmed oocyte loss for unclear reasons. In this study, the role of autophagy was investigated to serve as a protective mechanism for oocyte survival during chicken folliculogenesis. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) led to a remarkable delay in germ cell cyst breakdown that resulted in fewer primordial follicles and retarded sequent follicular development either in vivo or in the ovarian organ culture.

Protective Effect of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone on DNA Damage of Chicken Follicular Granulosa Cells by Inhibiting CHK2/p53.

The increase in follicular atresia and the decrease in the fecundity of laying hens occur with the aging process. Therefore, the key measure for maintaining high laying performance is to alleviate follicular atresia in the aging poultry. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), as an important pituitary hormone to promote follicle development and maturation, plays an important role in preventing reproductive aging in diverse animals.

Protective Effect of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins on Oxidative Damage of Chicken Follicular Granulosa Cells by Inhibiting FoxO1-Mediated Autophagy.

A significant decrease in poultry egg production occurs due to ovarian aging and autophagy is one of the important factors of ovarian aging that is induced predominantly by oxidative stress. Increasing evidence showed potential roles of plant-derived grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSPs) in protecting ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) from oxidative damage, although the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Here we investigated the possible functions of autophagy involved in the preventive effect of GSPs on oxidative stress in the GCs of ovarian hierarchical follicles of laying chickens.

Leukemia inhibitory factor prevents chicken follicular atresia through PI3K/AKT and Stat3 signaling pathways.

Autophagy of granulosa cell (GC) may be a supplementary mechanism involved in follicular atresia through cooperating with apoptosis. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) has been shown to promote follicular growth, through the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Rapamycin, an autophagy inducer, triggered the elevation of GC apoptosis within follicles, and then prevented follicular growth.

Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus agilis feeding regulates intestinal stem cells activity by modulating crypt niche in hens.

Previously, we found that Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus agilis, and Lactobacillus aviarius were associated with excellent egg nutrition in native chicken. Next, the optimal Lactobacillus combination is worth studying. Here, a total of 120 HyLine hens (30 hens per group contained 3 replicate cells, 10 hens/cell) in the laying peak period were randomly divided into (1) control, (2) L.

Transplantion of predominant Lactobacilli from native hens to commercial hens could indirectly regulate their ISC activity by improving intestinal microbiota.

In poultry, HyLine (HL) Hens are known for their excellent laying performance. However, ZhenNing (ZN) Hens, a native chicken breed in China, are known for their unique flavour. The intestinal mucosa, which is the main organ for nutrient absorption, could affect livestock product quality.

The commensal consortium of the gut microbiome is associated with favorable responses to anti-programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) therapy in thoracic neoplasms.

Objective: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer therapy for multiple types of solid tumors, but as expected, a large percentage of patients do not show durable responses. Biomarkers that can predict clinical responses to immunotherapies at diagnosis are therefore urgently needed. Herein, we determined the associations between baseline gut commensal microbes and the clinical treatment efficiencies of patients with thoracic neoplasms during anti-programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) therapy.

TGF-β1-induced collagen promotes chicken ovarian follicle development via an intercellular cooperative pattern.

Follicle development is a complex process under strict regulation of diverse hormones and cytokines including transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily members. TGF-β is pivotal for the regulation of ovarian functions under physiological and pathological conditions. In this study, effect of TGF-β1 on chicken follicle development was examined through investigating the accumulation and action of collagen, an indispensable member of the extracellular matrix (ECM) involved in this process.

Paneth cells mediated the response of intestinal stem cells at the early stage of intestinal inflammation in the chicken.

The rapid renewal and repair of the intestinal mucosa are based on intestinal stem cells (ISC), which are located at the crypt bottom. Paneth cells are an essential component in the crypt, which served as the niche for ISC development. However, in the chicken, how the function of Paneth cells changes during intestinal inflammation is unclear and is the key to understand the mechanism of mucosal repair.

Metformin Prevents Follicular Atresia in Aging Laying Chickens through Activation of PI3K/AKT and Calcium Signaling Pathways.

Increased follicular atresia occurs with aging and results in reduced fecundity in laying chickens. Therefore, relieving follicular atresia of aging poultry is a crucial measure to maintain sustained high laying performance. As an antiaging agent, metformin was reported to play important roles in preventing aging in diverse animals.

Superior efficacy of immunotherapy-based combinations over monotherapy for EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs.

Background: While prospective clinical studies on immunotherapy in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are ongoing, this study aimed to investigate the outcomes of immunotherapy combinations in such a population in a real-world setting.

Methods: The clinical data of pretreated EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients who acquired EGFR-TKI resistance and received immunotherapy were retrospectively analyzed in this study. Progression-free survival (PFS) was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier log-rank test, and univariate and multivariate analysis were performed.

Enhancing effect of FSH on follicular development through yolk formation and deposition in the low-yield laying chickens.

Healthy and efficient development of ovarian follicles largely determines poultry laying performance. In low-yield laying chickens, retarded follicle progression resulted in decreased prehierarchical follicles. In this study the extenuating effect of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) on delayed follicular development was investigated in the low-yield chickens.

Improvement of eggshell quality by dietary N-carbamylglutamate supplementation in laying chickens.

Egg quality defects seriously reduce the quality grade and increase egg breakage in egg marketing activities. In this study, the effect of N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) on eggshell quality was investigated by evaluating calcium absorption and calcification in laying hens. A total of 30 newly hatched female Hy-Line chicks were randomly assigned to the control group (basal diet) and treatment group (basal diet supplemented with 1% NCG).

The Attenuating Effect of the Intraovarian Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 on Age-Related Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Chicken Follicular Cells.

In the poultry, only less than 5% primordial follicles in the ovary can develop into the prehierarchical follicles (PHFs) leading to progressive development, ovulation, and egg formation. This low rate of recruitment indicates a huge potential for improvement of the laying performance. A great reduction in egg production is caused by aging with extensive follicular atresia.