ZDHHC2 promoted antimycobacterial responses by selective autophagic degradation of B-RAF and C-RAF in macrophages.

S-Palmitoylation is a reversible post-translational modification involving saturated fatty acid palmitate-to-cysteine linkage in the protein, which guides many aspects of macrophage physiology in health and disease. However, the precise role and underlying mechanisms of palmitoylation in infection of macrophages remain elusive. Here, we found that infection induced the expression of zinc-finger DHHC domain-type palmitoyl-transferases (ZDHHCs), particularly ZDHHC2, in mouse macrophages.

Unravelling the anionic stability of an ether-based electrolyte with a hard carbon or metallic sodium anode for high-performance sodium-ion batteries.

In hard carbon (HC) anodes, elucidating the relationship between the solid electrolyte interphase formation and the solvated Na co-intercalation mechanism is crucial, particularly considering different anionic salts in ether-based electrolytes. Here, we comprehensively explore the impact of different anionic salts on the electrochemical performance of HC/Na half-cell and elucidate the underlying mechanism through experimental studies and theoretical calculations. The surface morphology of the HC anode and its interphasial property are further investigated to evaluate the differences endowed by the presence of various anionic salts in diglyme (2G).

Opposite effects of soil pH on bacteria and fungi β diversity in forests at a continental scale.

Soil microbial diversity is crucial for regulating biogeochemical cycles, including soil carbon (C) dynamics and nutrient cycling. However, how climate, plants, and soil properties influence the microbiome in forests remains unclear, especially at the continental scale, hindering us to better understand forest C-climate change feedback. Here, we investigated the spatial patterns of microbial diversity across China's forests and explored the controlling factors of microbial β diversity and network complexity.

RNF213 promotes Treg cell differentiation by facilitating K63-linked ubiquitination and nuclear translocation of FOXO1.

Autoreactive CD4 T helper cells are critical players that orchestrate the immune response both in multiple sclerosis (MS) and in other neuroinflammatory autoimmune diseases. Ubiquitination is a posttranslational protein modification involved in regulating a variety of cellular processes, including CD4 T cell differentiation and function. However, only a limited number of E3 ubiquitin ligases have been characterized in terms of their biological functions, particularly in CD4 T cell differentiation and function.

A transition from arbuscular to ectomycorrhizal forests halts soil carbon sequestration during subtropical forest rewilding.

Ecological succession and restoration rapidly promote multiple dimensions of ecosystem functions and mitigate global climate change. However, the factors governing the limited capacity to sequester soil organic carbon (SOC) in old forests are poorly understood. Ecological theory predicts that plants and microorganisms jointly evolve into a more mutualistic relationship to accelerate detritus decomposition and nutrient regeneration in old than young forests, likely explaining the changes in C sinks across forest succession or rewilding.

Mycorrhizal associations relate to stable convergence in plant-microbial competition for nitrogen absorption under high nitrogen conditions.

Nitrogen (N) immobilization (Nim, including microbial N assimilation) and plant N uptake (PNU) are the two most important pathways of N retention in soils. The ratio of Nim to PNU (hereafter Nim:PNU ratio) generally reflects the degree of N limitation for plant growth in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the key factors driving the pattern of Nim:PNU ratio across global ecosystems remain unclear.

Correction: USP12 promotes antiviral responses by deubiquitinating and stabilizing IFI16.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.

Research progress of novel bio-denitrification technology in deep wastewater treatment.

Excessive nitrogen emissions are a major contributor to water pollution, posing a threat not only to the environment but also to human health. Therefore, achieving deep denitrification of wastewater is of significant importance. Traditional biological denitrification methods have some drawbacks, including long processing times, substantial land requirements, high energy consumption, and high investment and operational costs.

Co-application of biochar and organic amendments on soil greenhouse gas emissions: A meta-analysis.

Biochar has been shown to reduce soil greenhouse gas (GHG) and increase nutrient retention in soil; however, the interaction between biochar and organic amendments on GHG emissions remain largely unclear. In this study, we collected 162 two-factor observations to explore how biochar and organic amendments jointly affect soil GHG emissions. Our results showed that biochar addition significantly increased soil CO emission by 8.

USP12 promotes antiviral responses by deubiquitinating and stabilizing IFI16.

Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) regulate antiviral immune response through targeting DNA sensor signaling pathway members. As one of the DNA sensors, interferon (IFN)-γ inducible protein 16 (IFI16) play a major role in response to virus infections through activating the canonical STING/TBK-1/IRF3 signaling pathway. Only a few studies discuss the function of DUBs in IFI16-mediated antiviral response.

The E3 ligase HERC5 promotes antimycobacterial responses in macrophages by ISGylating the phosphatase PTEN.

Innate immune signaling in macrophages during viral infection is regulated by ISGylation, the covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) to protein targets. Here, we explored the role of ISGylation in the macrophage response to infection with . In human and mouse macrophages, the E3 ubiquitin ligases HERC5 and mHERC6, respectively, mediated the ISGylation of the phosphatase PTEN, which promoted its degradation.

Plant growth strategy determines the magnitude and direction of drought-induced changes in root exudates in subtropical forests.

Root exudates are an important pathway for plant-microbial interactions and are highly sensitive to climate change. However, how extreme drought affects root exudates and the main components, as well as species-specific differences in response magnitude and direction, are poorly understood. In this study, root exudation rates of total carbon (C) and its components (e.

Elevated Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1-Induced Female Rats Perpetuate the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Phenotype: Pathological Mechanism of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Objectives: This study was designated to establish a polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) rat model with recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-1 (RH-IGF-1). We made assessment on the characteristics of hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenism in the rat model.

Design: This study performed the characteristics of PCOS upon RH-IGF-1 injection and evaluated the disease process of PCOS syndrome caused by the insulin-resistant pathological condition of IGF-1 based on the comparative study of in vivo test.

Global systematic review with meta-analysis shows that warming effects on terrestrial plant biomass allocation are influenced by precipitation and mycorrhizal association.

Biomass allocation in plants is fundamental for understanding and predicting terrestrial carbon storage. Yet, our knowledge regarding warming effects on root: shoot ratio (R/S) remains limited. Here, we present a meta-analysis encompassing more than 300 studies and including angiosperms and gymnosperms as well as different biomes (cropland, desert, forest, grassland, tundra, and wetland).

Grazing and global change factors differentially affect biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships in grassland ecosystems.

Grazing and global change (e.g., warming, nitrogen deposition, and altered precipitation) both contribute to biodiversity loss and alter ecosystem structure and functioning.

UCHL1 Promoted Polarization of M1 Macrophages by Regulating the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway.

Background: As deubiquitinases (DUBs), ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase (UCH)-L1 has been shown to play a crucial role in regulating diverse biological processes. However, its function in macrophage polarization remains unclear.

Methods: We performed in vivo and in vitro experiments to investigate the role of ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), a kind of DUBs, in macrophage differentiation by using UCHL1-deficiency mice.

Differential effects of nitrogen vs. phosphorus limitation on terrestrial carbon storage in two subtropical forests: A Bayesian approach.

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) have been demonstrated to limit terrestrial carbon (C) storage in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the reliable indicator to infer N and P limitation are still lacking, especially in subtropical forests. Here we used a terrestrial ecosystem (TECO) model framework in combination with a Bayesian approach to evaluate effects of nutrient limitation from added N/P processes and data sets on C storage capacities in two subtropical forests (Tiantong and Qianyanzhou [QYZ]).

β-Arrestin 2 Regulates Inflammatory Responses against Infection through ERK1/2 Signaling.

the pathogen that causes tuberculosis, exhibits complex host-pathogen interactions. Pattern recognition receptors and their downstream signaling pathways play crucial roles in determining the outcome of infection. In particular, the scaffold protein β-arrestin 2 mediates downstream signaling of G protein-coupled receptors.

USP12 promotes CD4 T cell responses through deubiquitinating and stabilizing BCL10.

Deubiquitinases (DUBs) regulate diverse biological processes and represent a novel class of drug targets. However, the biological function of only a small fraction of DUBs, especially in adaptive immune response regulation, is well-defined. In this study, we identified DUB ubiquitin-specific peptidase 12 (USP12) as a critical regulator of CD4 T cell activation.

Vitamin B6 prevents excessive inflammation by reducing accumulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate in a sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase-dependent manner.

Vitamin B6 is necessary to maintain normal metabolism and immune response, especially the anti-inflammatory immune response. However, the exact mechanism by which vitamin B6 plays the anti-inflammatory role is still unclear. Here, we report a novel mechanism of preventing excessive inflammation by vitamin B6 via reduction in the accumulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in a S1P lyase (SPL)-dependent manner in macrophages.

Electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer immunoassay for alkaline phosphatase using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate.

A sensitive electrochemiluminescent immunoassay for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) using p-nitrophenyl phosphate (PNPP) as substrate based on the electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (ECRET) is developed. Luminol-doped silica nanoparticles (luminol-SiNPs) are prepared by water/oil (W/O) microemulsion method. PNPP convertes to p-nitrophenol (PNP) in the presence of ALP, which results in the absorption peak shifting from 360 nm to 450 nm.

NLRC3 expression in dendritic cells attenuates CD4 T cell response and autoimmunity.

NOD-like receptor (NLR) family CARD domain containing 3 (NLRC3), an intracellular member of NLR family, is a negative regulator of inflammatory signaling pathways in innate and adaptive immune cells. Previous reports have shown that NLRC3 is expressed in dendritic cells (DCs). However, the role of NLRC3 in DC activation and immunogenicity is unclear.

IL-36γ Promotes Killing of by Macrophages via WNT5A-Induced Noncanonical WNT Signaling.

, which primarily infects mononuclear phagocytes, remains the leading bacterial cause of enormous morbidity and mortality because of bacterial infections in humans throughout the world. The IL-1 family of cytokines is critical for host resistance to As a newly discovered subgroup of the IL-1 family, although IL-36 cytokines have been proven to play roles in protection against infection, the antibacterial mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that IL-36γ conferred to human monocyte-derived macrophages bacterial resistance through activation of autophagy as well as induction of WNT5A, a reported downstream effector of IL-1 involved in several inflammatory diseases.

Electrochemiluminescence "turn-off" detection of curcumin via energy transfer using luminol-doped silica nanoparticles.

A method is presented for electrochemiluminescent (ECL) detection of the food additive curcumin via an energy transfer strategy and by using luminol-doped silica nanoparticles (luminol-NPs). The ECL emission of the luminol-NPs (peaking at 425 nm) is reduced in the presence of curcumin due to spectral overlap. The assay can be performed within 1 min, response is linear in the 0.