Chinese herbal formula Regan Saibisitan alleviates airway inflammation of chronic bronchitis via inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Regan Saibisitan (RGS) is a classic prescription used to treat cough, pneumonia, and other respiratory infections in Uygur medicine. It is a granule composed of 12 kinds of medicinal materials. However, the mechanism by which RGS regulates lung disease remains unclear.

Achieving efficient autotrophic nitrogen removal in anaerobic membrane bioreactor plus membrane aerated biofilm reactor by regulating nutrient ratios.

It is feasible to integrate an anaerobic membrane bioreactor with a membrane aerated biofilm reactor to efficiently implement the sulfate reduction, simultaneous nitrification and autotrophic denitrification process. However, the effect of parameters on nutrient removal and environmental impacts of the process are unclear. In this study, the reactor performance was mainly influenced by the chemical oxygen demand to sulfate (COD/S) ratio and the ammonium to sulfate (N/S) ratio in long-term operation.

The methyltransferase METTL3 regulates endothelial cell proliferation and inflammation via mA RNA methylation-mediated TRAF1 expression.

The imbalance of vascular endothelial cell homeostasis is the key mechanism for the progression of many vascular diseases. RNA modification, particularly N-Methyladenosine (mA), plays important function in numerous biological processes. Nevertheless, the regulatory function of mA RNA methylation in endothelial dysfunction remains insufficiently characterized.

Achieving Long-Term Stability of Partial Nitrification and Autotrophic Denitrification in an MABR Sulfide Dosing.

While partial nitrification (PN) has the potential to reduce energy for aeration, it has proven to be unstable when treating low-strength wastewater. This study introduces an innovative combined strategy incorporating a low rate of oxygen supply, pH control, and sulfide addition to selectively inhibit nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). This strategy led to a stable PN in a laboratory-scale membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR).

Discovery of the First-in-Class G9a/GLP PROTAC Degrader.

Aberrantly expressed lysine methyltransferases G9a and GLP, which catalyze mono- and dimethylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9), have been implicated in numerous cancers. Recent studies have uncovered both catalytic and noncatalytic oncogenic functions of G9a/GLP. As such, G9a/GLP catalytic inhibitors have displayed limited anticancer activity.

Discovery of the First-in-class G9a/GLP PROTAC Degrader.

Aberrantly expressed lysine methyltransferases G9a and GLP, which catalyze mono- and di-methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9), have been implicated in numerous cancers. Recent studies have uncovered both catalytic and non-catalytic oncogenic functions of G9a/GLP. As such, G9a/GLP catalytic inhibitors have displayed limited anticancer activity.

Drug Discovery in Low Data Regimes: Leveraging a Computational Pipeline for the Discovery of Novel SARS-CoV-2 Nsp14-MTase Inhibitors.

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has led to significant global morbidity and mortality. A crucial viral protein, the non-structural protein 14 (nsp14), catalyzes the methylation of viral RNA and plays a critical role in viral genome replication and transcription. Due to the low mutation rate in the nsp region among various SARS-CoV-2 variants, nsp14 has emerged as a promising therapeutic target.

Novel Sulfate Reduction Coupled to Simultaneous Nitrification and Autotrophic Denitrification Process for Removing Nitrogen and Organics from Saline Wastewater.

Highly efficient sulfate reduction coupled to autotrophic denitrification plus nitrification is demonstrated by integrating an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) with a membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR). Concurrent chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and sulfate reduction were accomplished in the AnMBR, while simultaneous nitrification and autotrophic denitrification were carried out in the MABR. Separate operation of the MABR achieved >90% total nitrogen (TN) removal when the N/S ratio was controlled at 0.

Rhodium-Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic [4+2] Cycloaddition of Allene-1,3-Dienes.

Rh-catalyzed dynamic kinetic intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition reaction of 1,3-disubstituted allene-1,3-dienes afforded cis-fused [4.3.0]bicyclic products with an excellent chemo-, diastereo-, and enantio-selectivity.

Crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 nsp10-nsp16 in complex with small molecule inhibitors, SS148 and WZ16.

SARS-CoV-2 nsp10-nsp16 complex is a 2'-O-methyltransferase (MTase) involved in viral RNA capping, enabling the virus to evade the immune system in humans. It has been considered a valuable target in the discovery of antiviral therapeutics, as the RNA cap formation is crucial for viral propagation. Through cross-screening of the inhibitors that we previously reported for SARS-CoV-2 nsp14 MTase activity against nsp10-nsp16 complex, we identified two compounds (SS148 and WZ16) that also inhibited nsp16 MTase activity.

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Male Sterile Anthers Induced by High Temperature in Wheat ( L.).

Global warming will have a negative effect on agricultural production as high temperature (HT) stress can seriously threaten plant growth and reproduction. Male sterility caused by HT may be exploited by the creation of a male-sterile line, which has great potential for application in crop heterosis. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms of anther abortion induced by HT in wheat, which remain unclear at present.

Comparative root transcriptome analysis of two soybean cultivars with different cadmium sensitivities reveals the underlying tolerance mechanisms.

Soybean can provide rich protein and fat and has great economic value worldwide. Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal to organisms. It can accumulate in plants and be transmitted to the human body via the food chain.

Multi-criteria decision making for sustainability assessment of boxboard production: A life cycle perspective considering water consumption, energy consumption, GHG emissions, and internal costs.

Papermaking is a capital-intensive industry that requires a high consumption of plant fibers, energy, and water. Previous sustainability assessments of papermaking industry primarily focused on separate evaluations for multiple criteria without the integration for criteria and could not compare the overall priority of the production alternatives. The life cycle sustainability for the most representative boxboard production is analyzed as a case study in this work.

Multi-omics reveal various potential antimonate reductases from phylogenetically diverse microorganisms.

While previous work has demonstrated that antimonate (Sb(V)) can be bio-reduced with methane as the sole electron donor, the microorganisms responsible for Sb(V) reduction remain largely uncharacterized. Inspired by the recently reported Sb(V) reductase belonging to the dimethyl sulfoxide reductase (DMSOR) family, this study was undertaken to use metagenomics and metatranscriptomics to unravel whether any DMSOR family genes in the bioreactor had the potential for Sb(V) reduction. A search through metagenomic-assembled genomes recovered from the microbial community found that some DMSOR family genes, designated sbrA (Sb(V) reductase gene), were highly transcribed in four phylogenetically disparate assemblies.

Rhodium-Catalyzed Pauson-Khand-Type Cyclization of 1,5-Allene-Alkynes: A Chirality Transfer Strategy for Optically Active Bicyclic Ketones.

An efficient chirality transfer in the [RhCl(CO) ] -catalyzed [2+2+1] cyclization of optically active axially chiral 1,3-disubstituted allenynes with CO to access optically active bicyclopentenone compounds has been developed. The distal C=C bond of allenes reacted with the alknye unit and CO to afford [4.3.

Formation of nanoscale Te and its effect on TeO reduction in CH-based membrane biofilm reactor.

Formation and recovery of elemental tellurium (Te) from wastewaters are required by increasing demands and scarce resources. Membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) using gaseous electron donor has been reported as a low-cost and benign technique to reduce and recover metal (loids). In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of nanoscale Te formation by tellurite (TeO) reduction in a CH-based MBfR.

Effects of organic acids on the photosynthetic and antioxidant properties and accumulations of heavy metals of Melilotus officinalis grown in Cu tailing.

The effect of citric acid (CA), acetic acid (Ac), and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the photosynthetic and antioxidant properties and the accumulation of some heavy metals (HMs) of Melilotus officinalis seedling growing in Cu mine tailings for 25 days were studied. Results showed that the formation of photosynthesizing cells of M. officinalis was inhibited by EDTA at 2 mmol/kg.

Pb uptake and toxicity to Iris halophila tested on Pb mine tailing materials.

Pb tolerant mechanisms, plant physiological response and Pb sub-cellular localization in the root cells of Iris halophila were studied in sand culture and the Pb mine tailings. Results showed that the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in the underground parts and the activity of catalase (CAT) in the aboveground and underground parts increased as Pb level was enhanced. Glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AsA) contents increased by Pb treatments.

General CuBr2-catalyzed highly enantioselective approach for optically active allenols from terminal alkynols.

Here, we show a CuBr2-catalyzed approach for a highly enantioselective synthesis (93-99% ee) of allenols from aldehydes and terminal alkynols with the absolute configuration being controlled by applying readily available (R)- or (S)-α,α-diphenylprolinol.

Cadmium iodide mediated allenylation of terminal alkynes for the synthesis of methyl-substituted allenes.

A cadmium iodide mediated tandem reaction involving amine and two molecules of terminal alkynes for the synthesis of trisubstituted allenes has been developed. By applying this protocol, methyl-substituted allenes may be obtained easily from two molecules of terminal alkynes and pyrrolidine via methyl ketoniminium and propargylic amine formation, 1,5-hydride transfer and β-elimination.

Environmental cues induce changes of steviol glycosides contents and transcription of corresponding biosynthetic genes in Stevia rebaudiana.

Plant growth and secondary metabolism are commonly regulated by external cues such as light, temperature and water availability. In this study, the influences of low and high temperatures, dehydration, photoperiods, and different growing stages on the changes of steviol glycosides (SGs) contents and transcription levels of fifteen genes involved in SGs biosynthesis of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni were examined using HPLC and RT-PCR. The observations showed that the transcript levels of all the fifteen genes were maximum under 25 °C treatment, and the transcription of SrDXS, SrDXR, SrMCT, SrCMK, SrMDS, SrHDS, SrHDR, SrIDI, SrGGDPS, SrCPPS1, SrUGT85C2 and SrUGT76G1 were restrained both in low temperature (15 °C) and high temperature (35 °C).

Base substitution mutations in uridinediphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferase 76G1 gene of Stevia rebaudiana causes the low levels of rebaudioside A: mutations in UGT76G1, a key gene of steviol glycosides synthesis.

Steviol glycosides, extracted from the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert) Bertoni, are calorie-free sugar substitute of natural origin with intensely sweet (Boileau et al., 2012). Stevioside and rebaudioside A are the two main kinds of the diterpenic glycosides.