Role of the inverse Čerenkov effect in the formation of ultrashort Raman solitons in silica microspheres.

We theoretically demonstrate a new regime, to the best of our knowledge, of the formation of ultrashort optical solitons in spherical silica microresonators with whispering gallery modes. The solitons are driven by a coherent CW pump at the frequency in the range of normal dispersion, and the energy is transferred from this pump to the solitons via two channels: the Raman amplification and inverse Čerenkov effect. We discuss three different regimes of soliton propagation and we also show that these Raman solitons can be controlled by weak coherent CW signals.

APPaRENT 3: Asthma Patients' and Physicians' Perspectives on the Burden and Management of Asthma in Seven Countries.

Introduction: Asthma management is strongly dependent on physician and patient beliefs and perceptions about the disease and its long-term treatment. The APPaRENT 3 study was conducted to explore factors influencing treatment choice and to understand patients' and physicians' attitudes and perspectives on the use of controller inhalers in regular versus flexible dosing for asthma management.

Methods: This cross-sectional survey of patients with asthma and treating physicians was conducted in seven countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam (patient survey only), Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.

Charge Trapping and Defect Dynamics as Origin of Memory Effects in Metal Halide Perovskite Memlumors.

Large language models for artificial intelligence applications require energy-efficient computing. Neuromorphic photonics has the potential to reach significantly lower energy consumption in comparison with classical electronics. A recently proposed memlumor device uses photoluminescence output that carries information about its excitation history via the excited state dynamics of the material.

Blue-Emitting Cs(Pb,Cd)Br Nanocrystals Resistant to Electric Field-Induced Ion Segregation.

High-performance solution-processed perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have emerged as a good alternative to the well-established technology of epitaxially grown AB semiconductor alloys. Colloidal cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (CsPbX NCs) exhibit room-temperature excitonic emission that can be spectrally tuned across the entire visible range by varying the content of different halogens at the X-site. Therefore, they present a promising platform for full color display manufacturing.

Evaluation of short-acting Beta-2-agonist prescriptions and associated clinical outcomes: Findings from the SABA use IN Asthma (SABINA) study in Asia.

Background: The extent of short-acting Beta-2-agonist (β-agonist) (SABA) use across Asian countries is not well documented. As part of the SABA use IN Asthma (SABINA) III study, we assessed SABA prescriptions and clinical outcomes in patients with asthma from Asia.

Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited patients (aged ≥12 years) with asthma from 8 Asian countries.

Observation of Zitterbewegung in photonic microcavities.

We present and experimentally study the effects of the photonic spin-orbit coupling on the real space propagation of polariton wavepackets in planar semiconductor microcavities and polaritonic analogues of graphene. In particular, we demonstrate the appearance of an analogue Zitterbewegung effect, a term which translates as 'trembling motion' in English, which was originally proposed for relativistic Dirac electrons and consisted of the oscillations of the centre of mass of a wavepacket in the direction perpendicular to its propagation. For a planar microcavity, we observe regular Zitterbewegung oscillations whose amplitude and period depend on the wavevector of the polaritons.

Satisfaction and tolerability using virtual reality (VR) as adjunctive treatment during flexible bronchoscopy: a randomized control trial.

Background: Patient comfort during invasive and therapeutic procedures is important. The use of virtual reality (VR) devices during flexible bronchoscopy (FB) as a method of distraction to increase patient tolerability and improve satisfaction has not been investigated. We aim to assess the satisfaction and tolerability of participants undergoing FB with or without VR.

Bright and dark solitons in the systems with strong light-matter coupling: Exact solutions and numerical simulations.

We theoretically study bright and dark solitons in an experimentally relevant hybrid system characterized by strong light-matter coupling. We find that the corresponding two-component model supports a variety of coexisting moving solitons including bright solitons on zero and nonzero background and dark-gray and gray-gray solitons. The solutions are found in the analytical form by reducing the two-component problem to a single stationary equation with cubic-quintic nonlinearity.

Spontaneous symmetry breaking and the dynamics of three interacting nonlinear optical resonators with gain and loss.

The dynamics of two active nonlinear resonators coupled to a linear resonator is studied theoretically. Possible stationary states and their dynamical stability are considered in detail. Spontaneous symmetry breaking is found and it is shown that this bifurcation results in the formation of asymmetric states.

Interactions of the solitons in periodic driven-dissipative systems supporting quasibound states in the continuum.

The paper is devoted to the dynamics of dissipative gap solitons in the periodically corrugated optical waveguides whose spectrum of linear excitations contains a mode that can be referred to as a quasi-bound state in the continuum. These systems can support a large variety of stable bright and dark dissipative solitons that can interact with each other and with the inhomogeneities of the pump. One of the focus points of this work is the influence of slow variations of the pump on the behavior of the solitons.

Dissipative switching waves and solitons in the systems with spontaneously broken symmetry.

The paper addresses the bistability caused by spontaneous symmetry breaking bifurcation in a one-dimensional periodically corrugated nonlinear waveguide pumped by coherent light at normal incidence. The formation and the stability of the switching waves connecting the states of different symmetries are studied numerically. It is shown that the switching waves can form stable resting and moving bound states (dissipative solitons).

Ultrafast-nonlinear ultraviolet pulse modulation in an AlInGaN polariton waveguide operating up to room temperature.

Ultrafast nonlinear photonics enables a host of applications in advanced on-chip spectroscopy and information processing. These rely on a strong intensity dependent (nonlinear) refractive index capable of modulating optical pulses on sub-picosecond timescales and on length scales suitable for integrated photonics. Currently there is no platform that can provide this for the UV spectral range where broadband spectra generated by nonlinear modulation can pave the way to new on-chip ultrafast (bio-) chemical spectroscopy devices.

Propagative Oscillations in Codirectional Polariton Waveguide Couplers.

We report on novel exciton-polariton routing devices created to study and purposely guide light-matter particles in their condensate phase. In a codirectional coupling device, two waveguides are connected by a partially etched section that facilitates tunable coupling of the adjacent channels. This evanescent coupling of the two macroscopic wave functions in each waveguide reveals itself in real space oscillations of the condensate.

A rare presentation of isolated carpal bone tuberculous osteomyelitis mimicking gouty arthritis.

Tuberculosis (TB) is the most prevalent infectious disease in Southeast Asia. It causes both pulmonary and extrapulmonary diseases. TB of the wrist is rare and presents as osteomyelitis or tenosynovitis.

Spontaneous symmetry breaking of nonlinear states in optical cavities with radiative losses.

The dynamics of one-dimensional periodically modulated optical cavities are studied in the framework of coupled counterpropagating wave approximation. It is shown that in these systems, a spontaneous symmetry breaking bifurcation can occur, resulting in the formation of the dynamically stable asymmetric states with nonzero energy flux. Bright cavity solitons nestling on the spatially uniform backgrounds with broken symmetry are found and investigated in detail.

Multi-frequency radiation of dissipative solitons in optical fiber cavities.

New resonant emission of dispersive waves by oscillating solitary structures in optical fiber cavities is considered analytically and numerically. The pulse propagation is described in the framework of the Lugiato-Lefever equation when a Hopf-bifurcation can result in the formation of oscillating dissipative solitons. The resonance condition for the radiation of the dissipative oscillating solitons is derived and it is demonstrated that the predicted resonances match the spectral lines observed in numerical simulations perfectly.

Dynamics of localized dissipative structures in a generalized Lugiato-Lefever model with negative quartic group-velocity dispersion.

We study localized dissipative structures in a generalized Lugiato-Lefever equation, exhibiting normal group-velocity dispersion and anomalous quartic group-velocity dispersion. In the conservative system, this parameter-regime has proven to enable generalized dispersion Kerr solitons. Here, we demonstrate via numerical simulations that our dissipative system also exhibits equivalent localized states, including special molecule-like two-color bound states recently reported.

Silicone pneumonitis after gluteal filler: a case report and literature review.

Liquid silicone (polydimethylsiloxane) is an inert material that is commonly used for cosmetic purpose. Silicone embolization syndrome (SES) can rapidly progress to pneumonitis as a consequence of the injection of nonmedical-grade liquid silicone. We describe a case of severe silicone pneumonitis complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and bilateral pneumothorax secondary to silicone gluteal augmentation.

Soliton Molecules with Two Frequencies.

We demonstrate a peculiar mechanism for the formation of bound states of light pulses of substantially different optical frequencies, in which pulses are strongly bound across a vast frequency gap. This is enabled by a propagation constant with two separate regions of anomalous dispersion. The resulting soliton compound exhibits moleculelike binding energy, vibration, and radiation and can be understood as a mutual trapping providing a striking analogy to quantum mechanics.

Cluster Analysis Evaluating PM2.5, Occupation Risk and Mode of Transportation as Surrogates for Air-pollution and the Impact on Lung Cancer Diagnosis and 1-Year Mortality.

Objective: Epidemiological studies have reported the close relationship between risk for lung cancers and air pollution in particular, for non-smoking related lung cancers. However, most studies used residential address as proxies which may not estimate accurately an individual’s air pollution exposure. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify risk factors such as occupation and mode of transportation associated with lung cancer diagnosis and death.

Amplification of nonlinear polariton pulses in waveguides.

Using a sub-millimeter exciton-polariton waveguide suitable for integrated photonics, we experimentally demonstrate nonlinear modulation of pico-Joule pulses at the same time as amplification sufficient to compensate the system losses. By comparison with a numerical model we explain the observed interplay of gain and nonlinearity as amplification of the interacting polariton field by stimulated scattering from an incoherent continuous-wave reservoir that is depleted by the pulses. This combination of gain and giant ultrafast nonlinearity operating on picosecond pulses has the potential to open up new directions in low-power all-optical information processing and nonlinear photonic simulation of conservative and driven-dissipative systems.

Nonlinear Control of Electromagnetic Topological Edge States.

Topological photonics has emerged recently as a smart approach for realizing robust optical circuitry, and the study of nonlinear effects is expected to open the door for tunability of photonic topological states. Here we realize experimentally nonlinearity-induced spectral tuning of electromagnetic topological edge states in arrays of coupled nonlinear resonators in the pump-probe regime. When nonlinearity is weak, we observe that the frequencies of the resonators exhibit spectral shifts concentrated mainly at the edge mode and affecting only weakly the bulk modes.

Nonlinearity-induced localization in a periodically driven semidiscrete system.

We demonstrate that nonlinearity plays a constructive role in supporting the robustness of dynamical localization in a system which is discrete in one dimension and continuous in the orthogonal one. In the linear regime, time-periodic modulation of the gradient strength along the discrete axis leads to the usual rapid spread of an initially confined wave packet. Addition of the cubic nonlinearity makes the dynamics drastically different, inducing robust localization of moving wave packets.