The evolution of hemagglutinin-158 and neuraminidase-88 glycosylation sites modulates antigenicity and pathogenicity of clade 2.3.2.1 H5N1 avian influenza viruses.

Clade 2.3.2.

Effect of inoculation with different Eurotium cristatum strains on the microbial communities and volatile organic compounds of Fu brick tea.

Eurotium cristatum is the primary fungus in Fu brick tea (FBT) and plays a crucial role in its special flavor. This study investigated the effect of inoculation with different E. cristatum strains (i.

Characterization and discrimination of volatile organic compounds and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of soybeans ( L.) during solid-state fermentation with YL-1.

In this study, the influence of solid-state fermentation (SSF) using probiotic on the change of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and α-glucosidase inhibition activity of soybeans was investigated. A total of 46 VOCs were characterized via headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS), the majority of which were aldehydes (17), alcohols (10), and ketones (7). SSF by .

Dietary supplementation with mulberry leaf flavonoids and carnosic acid complex enhances the growth performance and antioxidant capacity via regulating the p38 MAPK/Nrf2 pathway.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effects of mulberry leaf flavonoids and carnosic acid complex (MCC) on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, antioxidant, and p38 MAPK/Nrf2 pathway in broilers.

Methods: A total of 256 healthy 8-day-old female yellow-feathered broilers were randomly divided into 4 equal groups: a control group (CON) fed a basal diet, an antibiotic group (CTC) supplemented with 50 mg/kg chlortetracycline, and two experimental groups (MCC75, MCC150) fed basal diets with 75 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg of MCC, respectively. The experiment lasted for 56 days, with days 1-28 designated as the initial phase and days 29-56 as the growth phase.

Surgery versus no surgery in platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer: final overall survival analysis of the SOC-1 randomized phase 3 trial.

Surgery for platinum-sensitive, relapsed ovarian cancer (PSROC) is widely practiced but had contradictory survival outcomes in previous studies. In this multicenter, open-label, phase 3 trial, women with PSROC, and having had one previous therapy and no platinum-based chemotherapy (platinum-free interval) of 6 months or more, were randomly assigned to either the surgery group (182 patients) or the no-surgery group (control) (175 patients). Patients with resectable diseases were eligible according to the international model (iMODEL), combined with a positron emission tomography-computed tomography imaging.

Decreased snow depth inhibits litter decomposition via changes in litter microbial biomass and enzyme activity.

Decreased snow depth resulting from global warming has the potential to significantly impact biogeochemical cycles in cold forests. However, the specific mechanisms of how snow reduction affects litter decomposition and the underlying microbial processes remain unclear, this knowledge gap limits our ability to precisely predict ecological processes within cold forest ecosystems under climate change. Hence, a field experiment was conducted in a subalpine forest in southwestern China, involving a gradient of snow reduction levels (control, 50 %, 100 %) to investigate the effects of decreased snow on litter decomposition, as well as microbial biomass and activity, specifically focused on two common species: red birch (Betula albosinensis) and masters larch (Larix mastersiana).

Low-Temperature Adaptive Single-Atom Iron Nanozymes against Viruses in the Cold Chain.

Outbreaks of viral infectious diseases, such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza A virus (IAV), pose a great threat to human health. Viral spread is accelerated worldwide by the development of cold chain logistics; Therefore, an effective antiviral approach is required. In this study, it is aimed to develop a distinct antiviral strategy using nanozymes with low-temperature adaptability, suitable for cold chain logistics.

Oridonin restores hepatic lipid homeostasis in an LXRα-ATGL/EPT1 axis-dependent manner.

Hepatosteatosis is characterized by abnormal accumulation of triglycerides (TG), leading to prolonged and chronic inflammatory infiltration. To date, there is still a lack of effective and economical therapies for hepatosteatosis. Oridonin (ORI) is a major bioactive component extracted from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb .

Discovery of 4-amino-1,6-dihydro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyridazin-7-one derivatives as potential receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) inhibitors.

Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is an important regulatory factor in the necroptosis signaling pathway, and is considered an attractive therapeutic target for treating multiple inflammatory diseases. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of 4-amino-1,6-dihydro-7H-pyrrolo [2,3-d]pyridazin-7-one derivatives as RIPK1 inhibitors. Among them, 13c showed favorable RIPK1 kinase inhibition activity with an IC value of 59.

Supragastric lesser sac: an insidious site for surgical exploration during the debulking surgery in advanced ovarian cancer.

Objective: Metastases in the supragastric lesser sac (SGLS) are not only occult but are also barriers to complete resection of ovarian cancer. We describe a cohort of patients with SGLS disease undergoing debulking surgery.

Methods: We identified all patients who underwent evaluation and eventual resection of SGLS disease as part of cytoreductive surgery for stage IIIC-IVB high-grade epithelial ovarian cancer at our institution from January 2018 to August 2022.

Dietary Chito-oligosaccharide attenuates LPS-challenged intestinal inflammation via regulating mitochondrial apoptotic and MAPK signaling pathway.

To investigate the regulatory effects of Chito-oligosaccharide (COS) on the anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and MAPK signaling pathways. A total of 40 28-day-old weaned piglets were randomly allotted to 4 equal groups [including the control group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, COS group, and COS*LPS group]. On the morning of d 14 and 21, piglets were injected with saline or LPS.

Knocking out Selenium Binding Protein 1 Induces Depressive-Like Behavior in Mice.

Selenium binding protein 1 (SELENBP1) is involved in neurologic disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and schizophrenia. However, the role of SELENBP1 in the neurogenesis of depression, which is a neurologic disorder, and the underlying mechanisms of oxidative stress and inflammation in depression remain unknown. In this study, we evaluated the changes in the expression levels of SELENBP1 in the hippocampus of a mouse model of depression and in the serum of human patients with depression using the Gene Expression Omnibus database.

Effects of solid-state fermentation with LK-1 on the volatile profile, catechins composition and antioxidant activity of dark teas.

In this study, the solid-state fermentation (SSF) of dark tea was carried out using LK-1, which was isolated from Fu brick tea (FBT). The effects of SSF with on volatile organic compounds (VOCs), non-volatile metabolites, and antioxidant activities of dark tea was investigated. A total of 45 VOCs were identified, primarily consisting of ketones (18), hydrocarbons (8), aldehydes (7), and alcohols (6).

The Way to Malignant Transformation: Can Epigenetic Alterations Be Used to Diagnose Early-Stage Head and Neck Cancer?

Identifying and treating tumors early is the key to secondary prevention in cancer control. At present, prevention of oral cancer is still challenging because the molecular drivers responsible for malignant transformation of the 11 clinically defined oral potentially malignant disorders are still unknown. In this review, we focused on studies that elucidate the epigenetic alterations demarcating malignant and nonmalignant epigenomes and prioritized findings from clinical samples.

Bidirectionally Regulating Viral and Cellular Ferroptosis with Metastable Iron Sulfide Against Influenza Virus.

Influenza virus with numerous subtypes and frequent variation limits the development of high-efficacy and broad-spectrum antiviral strategy. Here, a novel multi-antiviral metastable iron sulfides (mFeS) against various influenza A/B subtype viruses is developed. This work finds that mFeS induces high levels of lipid peroxidation and •OH free radicals in the conservative viral envelope, which depends on Fe .

Risk Factors of Postoperative Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak After Craniovertebral Junction Anomalies Surgery: A Case-Control Study.

Objective: To identify potential risk factors for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage after craniovertebral junction (CVJ) anomaly surgery and to provide a reference for clinical practice.

Methods: Sixty-six patients who underwent elective CVJ anomaly surgery during a 6-year period (April 2013 to September 2019) were retrospectively included. Research data were collected from the patients' medical records and imaging systems.

Study on the effect of additives on microbial diversity, predicted functional profiles, and fermentation quality of Broussonetia papyrifera and Pennisetum sinese mixed ensilage in the karst region.

In this research, we evaluated the effect of exogenous lactic acid bacteria and Amomum villosum essential oil (AVEO) on the chemical composition, microbial community composition, microbial functional diversity, and fermentation quality of Broussonetia papyrifera (BP) and Pennisetum sinese (PS) mixed silages. The BP:PS mixing ratios were 100:0, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70, and 0:100. After 3 and 30 days of ensiling at 22°C-25°C, microbial diversity and function, and fermentation quality, were assessed.

Restoration of lipid homeostasis between TG and PE by the LXRα-ATGL/EPT1 axis ameliorates hepatosteatosis.

Converting lipid disturbances in response to energy oversupply into healthy lipid homeostasis is a promising therapy to alleviate hepatosteatosis. Our clinical studies found that a further elevation of triglyceride (TG) in obese patients with the body mass index (BMI) greater than 28 was accompanied by a further reduction of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Shorter survival and poor prognosis were shown for the patients with high TG and low PE levels.

MRI texture-based machine learning models for the evaluation of renal function on different segmentations: a proof-of-concept study.

Background: To develop and validate an MRI texture-based machine learning model for the noninvasive assessment of renal function.

Methods: A retrospective study of 174 diabetic patients (training cohort, n = 123; validation cohort, n = 51) who underwent renal MRI scans was included. They were assigned to normal function (n = 71), mild or moderate impairment (n = 69), and severe impairment groups (n = 34) according to renal function.

Network Pharmacology Approach to Investigate the Mechanism of Danggui-Shaoyao-San against Diabetic Kidney Disease.

Background: Danggui-Shaoyao-San (DSS) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula that has been widely used to treat a variety of disorders, including renal diseases. Despite being well-established in clinical practice, the mechanisms behind the therapeutic effects of DSS on diabetic nephropathy (DN) remain elusive.

Methods: To explore the therapeutic mechanism, we explored the action mechanism of DSS on DN using network pharmacology strategies.

Fermentation quality, bacterial community, and predicted functional profiles in silage prepared with alfalfa, perennial ryegrass and their mixture in the karst region.

There is little information regarding the dynamics of fermentation products and the bacterial community in silage prepared with alfalfa (MS), perennial ryegrass (LP), and their mixture in the karst region. In this study, we explored the effects of combining MS with LP in different ratios (100% MS, 70% MS + 30% LP, 50% MS + 50% LP, 30% MS + 70% LP and 100% LP; fresh matter basis) on silage chemical composition, fermentation quality, bacterial communities and predicted functions during the ensiling process. Each treatment was prepared in triplicate and stored at room temperature (22-25°C) for 7, 15, and 45 days.