Emerging challenges to prisoners vaccination of covid-19: Historical, legal and humanitarian view.

This research aims to present a legal history of the prisoners' treatment in global crises along with presenting an overview of prisoners' treatment during Covid-19 in view of International Humanitarian Laws. Using the formative research method with a conceptual approach and statute approach, data was gathered from various legal documents related to prisoners' health laws linked to legal purpose theories. This study further explains the need to treat old age prisoners on a priority basis and to what extent international health organizations are making efforts to establish criteria to vaccinate this societal segment.

Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antiviral Drug Effectiveness in COVID-19 Therapy: A Data-Driven Retrospective Approach.

The clinical manifestations associated with COVID-19 disease is mainly due to a dysregulated host response related to the overexpression of inflammatory markers. Until recently, only remdesivir had gained FDA approval for COVID-19 hospitalized patients and there are currently no evidence-based therapeutic options or options for prevention of complications that have been established. Some medical treatments such as antivirals, antibacterials, antithrombotics, antipyretics, corticosteroids, interleukin inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, convalescent plasma, immunostimulants, and vitamin supplements have been utilized.

Effective Clinical Pathway Improves Interprofessional Collaboration and Reduces Antibiotics Prophylaxis Use in Orthopedic Surgery in Hospitals in Indonesia.

Clinical pathways can improve the quality of health services. The effectiveness and impact of implementing clinical pathways are controversial. The preparation of clinical pathways not only enacts therapeutic guidelines but requires mutual agreement in accordance with the roles, duties, and contributions of each profession in the team.

Discordance to ASHP Therapeutic Guidelines Increases the Risk of Surgical Site Infection.

Clean surgery without contamination does not require prophylactic antibiotics, but there are high-risk surgical procedures that may cause infection and/or involve vital organs such as the heart, brain, and lungs, and these indeed require the use of antibiotics. This study aimed to determine the quantity of antibiotic use based on the defined daily dose (DDD) per 100 bed days and the quality of antibiotic use based on the percentage of concordance with The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) therapeutic guidelines (i.e.

Oral anti-tuberculosis drugs: An urgent medication reconciliation at hospitals in Indonesia.

Background: Four oral anti-tuberculosis drugs are conceived to be the most effective ones to eradicate Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria and to obviate the resistant organisms. However, the patients' adherence and medication discrepancies are obstacles to achieving the goal. This study aimed to define the anti-tuberculosis drugs used in the hospitals and to detect the discrepancies in the continuity of the tuberculosis treatment.

Antibiotic stewardship knowledge and belief differences among healthcare professionals in hospitals: A survey study.

Background: Collaborative practice in healthcare has been recommended to improve the quality of antimicrobial stewardship interventions, a behavioral change in antimicrobial use. Insufficient knowledge regarding antibiotic resistance, the fear of complications from infections, and how providers perceive antibiotic use and resistance are likely to influence prescribing behavior. This study's objective was to identify the knowledge and belief healthcare professionals' differences about antibiotic stewardship.

Educational Video Improves Knowledge about Outpatients' Usage of Antibiotics in Two Public Hospitals in Indonesia.

The inappropriate use or misuse of antibiotics, particularly by outpatients, increases antibiotic resistance. A lack of public knowledge about "Responsible use of antibiotics" and "How to obtain antibiotics" is a major cause of this. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an educational video about antibiotics and antibiotic use to increase outpatients' knowledge shown in two public hospitals in East Java, Indonesia.

The Effect of Javanese Language Videos with a Community Based Interactive Approach Method as an Educational Instrument for Knowledge, Perception, and Adherence amongst Tuberculosis Patients.

The long period of tuberculosis treatment causes patients to have a high risk of forgetting or stopping the medication altogether, which increases the risk of oral anti-tuberculosis drug resistance. The patient's knowledge and perception of the disease affect the patient's adherence to treatment. This research objective was to determine the impact of educational videos in the local language on the level of knowledge, perception, and adherence of tuberculosis patients in the Regional General Hospital (RSUD) Bangil.

Quantity and quality profiles of antibiotics pre, on, and post surgery in a hospital setting.

Background Providing proper antibiotics is undoubtedly crucial to prevent infections during surgery. Objective This study set out to evaluate the medication administration in antibiotic prophylaxis using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Setting The study employed a retrospective design and observed patients who underwent surgical procedures during hospitalization at a private hospital in Indonesia within the period of January-June 2019.

Interview-based cross-sectional needs assessment to advance the implementation of an effective antibiotic stewardship program in Indonesian hospitals.

Antibiotic resistance has become a global health issue, negatively affecting the quality and safety of patient care, and increasing medical expenses, notably in Indonesia. Antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs) aim to reduce resistance rates and their implementation in hospitals, has a high priority worldwide. We aimed to monitor the progress in the organizational implementation of ASPs in Indonesian hospitals by an Antimicrobial Resistance Control Program (ARCP) team and to identify possible hurdles.

A Retrospective Surveillance of the Antibiotics Prophylactic Use of Surgical Procedures in Private Hospitals in Indonesia.

According to international guidelines, prophylactic antibiotics in elective surgery should be given as a single dose 30 to 60 minutes before the operation is conducted. Postoperative administration of antibiotics should be discontinued 24 hours after surgery to minimize bacterial resistance and to keep control over hospitalization costs. There is a lack of data on the actual antibiotic use around surgical procedures in Indonesia.

A patient caregiver survey in Indonesia: Knowledge and perception of antibiotic use and microbial resistance.

Background: A successful antibiotic stewardship program depends not only the knowledge and perceptions of healthcare providers but also patients and caregivers. Accordingly, the caregiver will decide to give the medication for their children. This survey was conducted to observe the caregivers' knowledge and perceptions of antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance; and their relationship.

Evaluation of antibiotic use and bacterial profile in Burn Unit Patients at the dr. Soetomo General Hospital.

The high inaccuracy of antibiotic prescribing in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya, Indonesia, is one of the factors triggering the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria. The World Health Organization (WHO) showed that bacterial resistance to antibiotics was a threat to people's health around the world.