Study on the Mechanism of the Combination of Methotrexate and Leflunomide in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis Based on Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and in vitro Experimental Verification.

Background: To date, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are widely used as the primary first-line treatment option for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and the curative effect of methotrexate (MTX) and leflunomide (LEF; MTX + LEF) is greater than that of single-agent MTX therapy, but the synergistic mechanism of MTX + LEF is unclear.

Methods: First, we explored the mechanism of action of MTX + LEF in RA through network pharmacology and molecular docking. Venn diagram analysis revealed 97 overlapping gene targets of MTX + LEF-RA and STRING, along with Cytoscape plug-in MOCDE and cytoHubba; and GO enrichment analysis revealed that the functions of 97 synergistic targets were related to 123 molecular functions (MF), 63 cell components (CC), and 1,068 biological processes (BP).

biomass and toxin accumulation in wheat tissues with and without Fusarium crown rot symptoms.

Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is an important and devastating disease of wheat () caused by the fungus and related pathogens. Using two distinct susceptible cultivars, we investigated the isolation frequencies of and quantified its biomass accumulation and the levels of the associated toxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and DON-3-glucoside (D3G) in inoculated field-grown wheat plants. We detected in stem, peduncle, rachis, and husk tissues, but not in grains, whereas DON and D3G accumulated in stem, rachis, husk, and grain tissues.

SQSTM1/p62 is a prognostic molecular marker and potential therapeutic target for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours.

Background: There have been few studies on the role of autophagy in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PNETs). SQSTM1/p62 (also called Sequestosome 1) is a potential autophagy regulator, and its biological roles and clinical significance in PNETs remain poorly understood.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of SQSTM1/p62 in human PNET specimens and to evaluate its potential value as a therapeutic target by studying its biological function in PNET cell lines.

The combination of insulin and linezolid ameliorates Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia in individuals with diabetes via the TLR2/MAPKs/NLRP3 pathway.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) complicated with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection lacks effective treatment strategies. In this study, we found that insulin combined with linezolid has potential to deal with the thorny problem.

Biological control of Fusarium crown rot of wheat with 12XP1-2-3 and its effects on rhizosphere microorganisms.

is a common plant endophytic fungi that exhibits great biocontrol potential in plant disease. Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is an important disease in wheat that seriously threatens wheat production worldwide. The control effect of against wheat FCR remains unclear.

First report of Fusarium meridionale causing Fusarium head blight of wheat in Henan Province, China.

Fusarium graminearum and F. asiaticum have been found as a major cause of Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), especially in Henan Province of China (Zhang et al.

First report of Fusarium falciforme causing root rot of soybean (Glycine max L.) in Henan, China.

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is an important crop in China owing to its high oil and protein content, with approximately 9.88 million ha of production in 2020.

Research progress of neoantigens in gynecologic cancers.

The incidence and mortality of gynecological cancers have increased over the past decade. In the absence of effective treatment strategies, many advanced patients develop resistance to conventional therapies and have poor prognosis. Neoantigens have emerged as a novel tumor-specific antigen (TSA) that arises from genomic mutations in tumor cells.

First report of maize yellow mosaic virus (MaYMV) naturally infecting wheat in China.

Maize yellow mosaic virus (MaYMV), a new species in the genus (family ), was reported in maize for the first time in China in 2016 (Chen et al., 2016). Later, MaYMV was found in other gramineous species including sugarcane ( spp.

Candidate powdery mildew resistance gene in wheat landrace cultivar Hongyoumai discovered using SLAF and BSR-seq.

Background: Wheat powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is an important disease affecting wheat production.

The combination of cloxacillin, thioridazine and tetracycline protects mice against Staphylococcus aureus peritonitis by inhibiting α-Hemolysin-induced MAPK/NF-κB/NLRP3 activation.

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection is difficult to fight, previous experimental reports have demonstrated thioridazine (TZ) and tetracycline (TC) is an inhibitor of S. aureus efflux pump NorA and autolysin Atl, respectively, here, by means of molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation, we observed that thioridazine (TZ) and tetracycline (TC) blocked the binding of substrates to NorA and Atl, respectively, and reduced their activities, and our antibacterial susceptibility test and three-dimensional checkerboard method showed that the three-drug combination of antibiotic cloxacillin (CXN), TZ and TC had a synergistic anti-Staphylococcal activity in vitro, and α-Hemolysin tests and scanning electron microscopy showed that the three-drug combination and the subinhibitory concentration of the combination significantly inhibited the secretion of α-hemolysin relative to the number of membrane-derived vesicles produced by S.

Aging-Associated Changes in the Adult Human Skin Microbiome and the Host Factors that Affect Skin Microbiome Composition.

Understanding the changes in the skin microbiome and their relationship to host skin factors during aging remains largely unknown. To better understand this phenomenon, we collected samples for metagenomic and host skin factor analyses from the forearm, buttock, and facial skin from 158 Caucasian females aged 20‒24, 30‒34, 40‒44, 50‒54, 60‒64, and 70‒74 years. Metagenomics analysis was performed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, whereas host sebocyte gland area, skin lipids, natural moisturizing factors, and antimicrobial peptides measurements were also performed.

The Distribution of and Causing Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat in Relation to Climate and Cropping System.

In the main wheat production area of China (the Huang Huai Plain [HHP]), both and , the causal agents of Fusarium head blight (FHB), are present. We investigated whether the relative prevalence of . and .

Mutation and Expression of Gene YY1 in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors and Its Clinical Significance.

Objective: The clinical significance of the YY1 gene mutation and expression in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to comprehensively analyze the somatic mutation of YY1 in the different subtypes of PNETs.

Methods: A total of 143 PNETs were assessed by Sanger sequencing to identify the somatic mutation of YY1 gene in various subtypes of PNETs.

Current Understanding on Perioperative Management in Lung Cancer: Implications for Anesthetic Considerations.

Narcotic drugs are often used to treat perioperative pain for patients with lung cancer. However, anesthetic management and narcotic substance use may have significant impacts on patients with lung cancer, including anti-cancer or promoting cancer effects. In this study, we summarize the effects of anesthetic management and its related substances on lung cancer.

Global, national and regional prevalence, and associated factors of ocular trauma: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Ocular trauma is a common eye disease and one of the main causes of blindness. There is a dearth of data on a summary and meta-analysis on the global epidemiology of the disease. Therefore, this systematic review protocol aims to propose the first systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize existing evidence on the global prevalence and associated factors of ocular trauma worldwide.

Plasma levels of acylated ghrelin in patients with insulinoma and expression of ghrelin and its receptor in insulinomas.

Background: Insulinoma is a subtype of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Many patients with insulinoma are obese due to frequent food intake. Ghrelin is associated with obesity and blood levels of insulin.

Comparison of the Vaginal Microbiomes of Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women.

For decades hormone therapy (HT) has been prescribed to treat the symptoms of menopause, such as vaginal dryness, itching and burning. Here we sought to compare the vaginal microbiomes of postmenopausal women who received low dose estrogen therapy to those of premenopausal and postmenopausal women, and to do so in conjunction with assessing the alleviation of symptoms associated with vaginal atrophy. In this study vaginal swab samples were obtained from 45 women who were classified as either premenopausal, postmenopausal, or postmenopausal and undergoing HT.

Spatial Distribution of Root and Crown Rot Fungi Associated With Winter Wheat in the North China Plain and Its Relationship With Climate Variables.

The distribution frequency of pathogenic fungi associated with root and crown rot of winter wheat () from 104 fields in the North China Plain was determined during the period from 2013 to 2016. The four most important species identified were (24.0% from roots; 33.

Pseudo-hemorrhagic region formation in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors is a result of blood vessel dilation followed by endothelial cell detachment.

Aberrant blood vessel formation and hemorrhage may contribute to tumor progression and are potential targets in the treatment of several types of cancer. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are highly vascularized, particularly when they are well-differentiated. However, the process of vascularization and endothelial cell detachment in PNETs is poorly understood.

Prognostic relevance of UCH-L1 and α-internexin in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

Prognostic biomarkers for the pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are needed. Proteomic study on insulinoma has been rarely reported. We identified the differential expression of proteins between insulinoma and their paired tissues by proteomic analysis, and evaluated the prognostic significance of specific proteins in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors including insulinoma.

Homoeologous recombination-based transfer and molecular cytogenetic mapping of powdery mildew-resistant gene Pm57 from Aegilops searsii into wheat.

Pm57, a novel resistant gene against powdery mildew, was transferred into common wheat from Ae. searsi and further mapped to 2S #1L at an interval of FL0.75 to FL0.