A fundamental property of cross-coupling reactions is regiospecificity, meaning that the site of bond formation is determined by the leaving group's location on the electrophile. Typically, achieving a different substitution pattern requires the synthesis of a new, corresponding starting-material isomer. As an alternative, we proposed the development of cross-coupling variants that would afford access to multiple structural isomers from the same coupling partners.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTerrestrial evapotranspiration (ET) is a key variable in the global water cycle, notably affected by climate change and vegetation greening. However, its intrinsic driving modes and the ways through which driving factors influence it remain largely unexplored. Here, we quantified the internal and external drivers behind the spatiotemporal variability of ET across global drylands at seasonal and annual temporal scales and component levels based on pixel-by-pixel partial correlation and ridge regression analyses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMollusca represents the second-largest animal phylum but remains less explored genomically. The increase in high-quality genomes and diverse functional genomic data holds great promise for advancing our understanding of molluscan biology and evolution. To address the opportunities and challenges facing the molluscan research community in managing vast multi-omics resources, we developed MolluscDB 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: This study descriptively analyzed the current status of physical activity among pediatric cancer survivors and their parents and further analyzed the factors influencing the physical activity among pediatric cancer survivors based on the parent-based expansion of the Theory of Planned Behavior.
Methods: A total of 271 pediatric cancer survivors and their parents were conveniently selected as participants for this cross-sectional survey conducted from June to November 2023. Using questionnaires to collect sociodemographic and physical activity data of pediatric cancer survivors and their parents, dimensions of the Theory of Planned Behavior among pediatric cancer survivors.
J Biomater Sci Polym Ed
October 2024
Animal Model Exp Med
October 2024
Background: Scientific animal models are indispensable for studying trauma repair. This work aimed at establishing a more scientific rat trauma model by studying different rat trauma models caused by different trauma numbers, locations, and trauma attachment tension unloaders and rat age.
Methods: A four-trauma self-upper, lower, left and right control model; a two-trauma self-trauma bare and ring control model; and a young and old rat trauma model were created to evaluate the condition of these traumas.
Objective: The epidemiology of COVID-19 has substantially changed since its emergence given the availability of effective vaccines, circulation of different viral variants, and re-infections. We aimed to develop models to predict 30-day COVID-19 hospitalization and death in the Omicron era for contemporary clinical and research applications.
Methods: We used comprehensive electronic health records from a national cohort of patients in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 between March 1, 2022, and March 31, 2023.
Large-scale genome-wide association studies of schizophrenia have uncovered hundreds of associated loci but with extremely limited representation of African diaspora populations. We surveyed electronic health records of 200,000 individuals of African ancestry in the Million Veteran and All of Us Research Programs, and, coupled with genotype-level data from four case-control studies, realized a combined sample size of 13,012 affected and 54,266 unaffected persons. Three genome-wide significant signals - near , , and - are the first to be independently identified in populations of predominantly African ancestry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiabetic wounds arise great attention as they are difficult to heal and easily suffer from serious bacterial infection. However, the overuse of antibiotics increases the resistance of bacteria and makes common drugs ineffective. Here, we developed a photothermal hydrogel (TFP/NP) composed of tremella fuciformis polysaccharides (TFPs) and cuttlefish ink-derived melanin nanoparticles (NPs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent environmental pollutants linked to harmful health effects. Currently employed PFAS destruction methods are energy-intensive and often produce shorter-chain and recalcitrant partially fluorinated byproducts. We report the mineralization of five fluorotelomer compounds via a base-mediated degradation using NaOH and mild temperatures (120 °C) in a mixture of DMSO:HO (8:1 v/v).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir is recommended for persons at risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) but remains underutilized. Information on which eligible groups are likely to benefit from treatment is needed.
Methods: We conducted a target trial emulation study in the Veterans Health Administration comparing nirmatrelvir-ritonavir treated versus matched untreated veterans at risk for severe COVID-19 who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from April 2022 through March 2023.
Purpose: The study identified different patterns of symptom burden and posttraumatic growth (PTG) among patients with cancer and to explored the effects of sociodemographic, disease-related, and family resilience factors, which could provide reference for the development of personalized nursing measures.
Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted with 329 patients with cancer who were undergoing treatment. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to explore the patterns of symptom burden and PTG among patients with cancer, and multiple logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of different patterns.
Background: Pain catastrophizing is a significant factor in the recovery of patients with chronic pain. This topic has not received the warranted attention in clinical practice, while the outcomes of pain interventions have been suboptimal. This study explores the current situation of pain catastrophizing in patients with chronic neuropathic pain, its influencing factors, and further analyzes the complex relationship between these factors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMalignant glioma exhibits immune evasion characterized by highly expressing the immune checkpoint CD47. RNA 5-methylcytosine(m5C) modification plays a pivotal role in tumor pathogenesis. However, the mechanism underlying m5C-modified RNA metabolism remains unclear, as does the contribution of m5C-modified RNA to the glioma immune microenvironment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe forthcoming massive genome data generated by the Earth BioGenome Project will open up a new era of comparative genomics, for which genome synteny analysis provides an important framework. Profiling genome synteny represents an essential step in elucidating genome architecture, regulatory blocks/elements and their evolutionary history. Here we describe PanSyn, ( https://github.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOctafluorocyclopentene (OFCP) has found utility as a polyelectrophile in substitution cascades that form complex macrocyclic compounds. The Harran group synthesis of macrocyclic polypeptides depends on OFCP as a linker, combining with four different nucleophilic units of a polypeptide. We report a computational investigation of the origins of OFCP reactivity and a rationale for controlled mono-, di-, tri-, and tetrasubstitution of fluoride ions by heteroatomic nucleophiles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: COVID-19 has been linked to the development of many post-COVID-19 conditions (PCCs) after acute infection. Limited information is available on the effectiveness of oral antivirals used to treat acute COVID-19 in preventing the development of PCCs.
Objective: To measure the effectiveness of outpatient treatment of COVID-19 with nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in preventing PCCs.
The step that cleaves the carbon-halogen bond in copper-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions remains ill defined because of the multiple redox manifolds available to copper and the instability of the high-valent copper product formed. We report the oxidative addition of α-haloacetonitrile to ionic and neutral copper(I) complexes to form previously elusive but here fully characterized copper(III) complexes. The stability of these complexes stems from the strong Cu-CF bond and the high barrier for C()-C() bond-forming reductive elimination.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAffecting an estimated 88 million Americans, prediabetes increases the risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and independently, cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Nevertheless, little is known about the use of metformin for diabetes prevention among patients in the Veterans Health Administration, the largest integrated healthcare system in the U.S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImportance: Several pharmacotherapies have been authorized to treat nonhospitalized persons with symptomatic COVID-19. Longitudinal information on the use of these therapies is needed.
Objective: To analyze trends and factors associated with prescription of outpatient COVID-19 pharmacotherapies within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA).
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and recurrent intestinal disease of unknown aetiology, and the few treatments approved for UC have serious side effects. In this study, a new type of uniformly monodispersed calcium-enhanced radial mesoporous micro-nano bioactive glass (HCa-MBG) was prepared for UC treatment. We established cellular and rat UC models to explore the effects and mechanism of HCa-MBG and traditional BGs (45S5, 58S) on UC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn Intern Med
June 2023
Background: Information about the effectiveness of oral antivirals in preventing short- and long-term COVID-19-related outcomes in the setting of Omicron variant transmission and COVID-19 vaccination is limited.
Objective: To measure the effectiveness of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir and molnupiravir for outpatient treatment of COVID-19.
Design: Three retrospective target trial emulation studies comparing matched cohorts of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir versus no treatment, molnupiravir versus no treatment, and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir versus molnupiravir.