Specifically blocking αvβ8-mediated TGF-β signaling to reverse immunosuppression by modulating macrophage polarization.

Background: Targeting the TGF-β pathway in tumor therapy has proven challenging due to the highly context-dependent functions of TGF-β. Integrin αvβ8, a pivotal activator of TGF-β, has been implicated in TGF-β signaling within tumors, as demonstrated by the significant anti-tumor effects of anti-αvβ8 antibodies. Nevertheless, the expression profile of αvβ8 remains a subject of debate, and the precise mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor effects of anti-αvβ8 antibodies are not yet fully elucidated.

Research Progress on Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing of Zinc Alloys.

Zinc, along with magnesium and iron, is considered one of the most promising biodegradable metals. Compared with magnesium and iron, pure Zn exhibits poor mechanical properties, despite its mild biological corrosion behavior and beneficial biocompatibility. Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), unlike traditional manufacturing techniques, has the capability to rapidly manufacture near-net-shape components.

SUMOylated Golgin45 associates with PML-NB to transcriptionally regulate lipid metabolism genes during heat shock stress.

Golgin tethers are known to mediate vesicular transport in the secretory pathway, whereas it is relatively unknown whether they may mediate cellular stress response within the cell. Here, we describe a cellular stress response during heat shock stress via SUMOylation of a Golgin tether, Golgin45. We found that Golgin45 is a SUMOylated Golgin via SUMO1 under steady state condition.

Crosstalk between KDEL receptor and EGF receptor mediates cell proliferation and migration via STAT3 signaling.

Hostile microenvironment of cancer cells provoke a stressful condition for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and stimulate the expression and secretion of ER chaperones, leading to tumorigenic effects. However, the molecular mechanism underlying these effects is largely unknown. In this study, we reveal that the last four residues of ER chaperones, which are recognized by KDEL receptor (KDELR), is required for cell proliferation and migration induced by secreted chaperones.

Mechanical Properties of Bulk Metallic Glasses Additively Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion: A Review.

Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) display excellent strength, high hardness, exceptional wear resistance and corrosion resistance owing to its amorphous structure. However, the manufacturing of large-sized and complex shaped BMG parts faces significant difficulties, which seriously hinders their applications. Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a typical additive manufacturing (AM) technique with a cooling rate of up to 10 K/s, which not only allows for the formation of amorphous structures but also solves the forming problem of complex-shaped BMG parts.

KDEL Receptor Trafficking to the Plasma Membrane Is Regulated by ACBD3 and Rab4A-GTP.

KDEL receptor-1 maintains homeostasis in the early secretory pathway by capturing and retrieving ER chaperones to the ER during heavy secretory activity. Unexpectedly, a fraction of the receptor is also known to reside in the plasma membrane (PM), although it is largely unknown exactly how the KDEL receptor gets exported from the Golgi and travels to the PM. We have previously shown that a Golgi scaffolding protein (ACBD3) facilitates KDEL receptor localization at the Golgi via the regulating cargo wave-induced cAMP/PKA-dependent signaling pathway.

An A-kinase anchoring protein (ACBD3) coordinates traffic-induced PKA activation at the Golgi.

KDEL receptor (KDELR) is a key protein that recycles escaped endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident proteins from the Golgi apparatus back to the ER and maintains a dynamic balance between these two organelles in the early secretory pathway. Studies have shown that this retrograde transport pathway is partly regulated by two KDELR-interacting proteins, acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing 3 (ACBD3), and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA). However, whether Golgi-localized ACBD3, which was first discovered as a PKA-anchoring protein in mitochondria, directly interacts with PKA at the Golgi and coordinates its signaling in Golgi-to-ER traffic has remained unclear.

Enhanced Catalytic Effect of TiCT-MXene on Thermal Decomposition Behavior of Ammonium Perchlorate.

Transition metal carbonitrides (MXenes) are promising catalysts due to their special structures. Recently, many studies have shown that MXenes have a catalytic effect on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP). However, the catalytic effects have not been extensively investigated.

Size-Dependent Structural Properties of a High-Nb TiAl Alloy Powder.

TiAl-based alloys are promising light weight structural materials for high temperature applications in the field of aerospace. Recently, fabrication technologies starting from powders including powder metallurgy and additive manufacturing have been developed to overcome the difficulties in the processing, machining and shaping of TiAl-based alloys. Spherical alloy powders with different particle size distributions are usually used in these fabrication techniques.

Structural and Mechanical Characteristics of CuZrAl₇ Bulk Metallic Glass Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting.

In this work, the structural and mechanical characteristics of CuZrAl₇ bulk metallic glass (BMG) fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) are studied and the impacts from the SLM process are clarified. CuZrAl₇ alloy specimens were manufactured by the SLM method from corresponding gas-atomized amorphous powders. The as-built specimens were examined in terms of phase structure, morphologies, thermal properties and mechanical behavior.

[L-VDCC autoregulation abnormality contributes to calcium overload in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury].

Calcium overload is a vital mechanism of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, which is a hot therapeutic target in cardiovascular research. It has been well recognized that the dysfunction of calcium relevant proteins, including L-type voltage- dependent calcium channel (L-VDCC), sarco/endoplasmic reticulum ATPase 2a (SERCA2a)/phospholamban (PLB), RyR2, Na/Ca exchanger, Na/H exchanger, etc. contributes to calcium overload in cardiomyocytes during ischemia-reperfusion injury, in which the diastolic calcium concentration is increased and the amplitude of calcium transients is decreased.

Structural and electrochemical properties of annealed La1-xYxNi3.55Mno.4Alo.3Coo.75 hydrogen storage alloys.

The effects of the annealing and partial substitution of Y for La on the structural and electrochemical properties of La1-xYxNi3.55Mno.4Alo.

[Effects of the spider venom on proliferation of human lung adenocarcinoma cell A549].

Background And Objective: The spider venom may inspire new drugs to treat cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects and mechanisms of spider venom on lung adenocarcinoma cell A549.

Methods: The proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells was detected by MTT.

Depression of MAD2 inhibits apoptosis and increases proliferation and multidrug resistance in gastric cancer cells by regulating the activation of phosphorylated survivin.

Mitotic arrest-deficient 2 (MAD2) is one of the essential mitotic spindle checkpoint regulators, and it can protect cells from aberrant chromosome segregation. The Mad2 gene is very rarely mutated in many kinds of human cancer, but aberrantly reduced expression of MAD2 has been correlated with defective mitotic checkpoints in several human cancers. We have previously found that the MAD2 expression level is also shown to be associated with the multidrug resistance of tumour cells.

MAD2 as a key component of mitotic checkpoint: A probable prognostic factor for gastric cancer.

We studied the subcellular localization of MAD2 in normal human tissues and gastric cancers. MAD2 showed nuclear and cytoplasmic localization in normal tissues such as muscle, testis, thyroid gland, cerebrum, trachea, and skin; blood vessels in some organs were also MAD2+. In normal stomach, MAD2 was expressed mainly in cytoplasm but showed nuclear staining in the majority of gastric cancers.

The expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: correlation with patients' prognosis and hepatitis B virus X protein.

Hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) was well correlated with carcinogenesis and tumor progression in many kinds of cancer. In this study, high expression of HIF-1alpha was found in 37 of the 72 (51.39%) tumor specimens, and significantly correlated with venous invasion and lymphonode invasion.

p75 neurotrophin receptor suppresses the proliferation of human gastric cancer cells.

Identifying an effective therapeutic target is pivotal in the treatment of gastric cancer. In this study, we investigated the expression of p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) in gastric cancer and the impact of its alteration on tumor growth. p75NTR expression was absent or significantly decreased in 212 cases of gastric cancers compared with the normal gastric mucosa (P < .

Expression of Jagged1 and its association with hepatitis B virus X protein in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Jagged1 is one of the ligands of Notch signaling pathway, which controls cellular proliferation and differentiation, and also plays important roles in various malignant tumors. However, the expression of Jagged1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been elucidated, nor whether it is associated with hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx). In this study, we found that Jagged1 was highly expressed in 79.

Enhanced cell survival of gastric cancer cells by a novel gene URG4.

Upregulated gene 4 (URG4), a novel gene located on 7 chromosome (7p13), was found to contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis. However, the role of URG4 in the gastric carcinogenesis still remains unclear. In the present study, URG4 was found by immunohistochemistry to be upregulated in human gastric cancer tissues compared with matched adjacent nonneoplastic tissues.

Depression of MAD2 inhibits apoptosis of gastric cancer cells by upregulating Bcl-2 and interfering mitochondrion pathway.

Mitotic arrest deficient 2 (MAD2) is an essential component of the mitotic spindle checkpoint pathway. It was previously shown to be associated with drug resistance of tumor cells. To further explore the roles of MAD2 in responses of gastric cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs, we constructed the siRNA vectors of MAD2 and transfected them into gastric cancer SGC7901 cells to inhibit expression of MAD2.

[Construction of eukaryotic expression vector of siRNA specific for MAD2 and its effect on the growth of gastric cell line SGC7901].

Aim: To construct the RNA interference eukaryotic expression vector specific for human MAD2 gene and to observe its effect on the growth of gastric cancer cell line SGC7901.

Methods: The expression vectors of pSilencer3.1/MAD2-siRNA1 and pSilencer3.

Phage display selection of peptides that inhibit metastasis ability of gastric cancer cells with high liver-metastatic potential.

Organ-specific metastasis is an important character of cancer cells. Cancer cells that can metastasize to a special organ were thought to have different proteins in cell membrane, which might have potential utility as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. In the present work, based on high liver-metastatic gastric cancer cells, XGC9811-L, a screening approach with phage displayed peptide library, was successfully used to isolate 8-mer peptide ligands binding to the target cells.

Zinc ribbon domain-containing 1 (ZNRD1) mediates multidrug resistance of leukemia cells through regulation of P-glycoprotein and Bcl-2.

Here, we investigated the role of zinc ribbon domain-containing 1 (ZNRD1) in multidrug resistance (MDR) of leukemia cells and the possible underlying mechanisms. ZNRD1 was found overexpressed in the vincristine-induced MDR leukemia cell HL-60/vincristine moreso than its parental cell HL-60. Up-regulation of ZNRD1 expression could confer resistance of both P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-related and P-gp-nonrelated drugs on HL-60 cells and suppress Adriamycin-induced apoptosis accompanied by decreased accumulation and increased releasing amount of Adriamycin.

Celecoxib could reverse the hypoxia-induced Angiopoietin-2 upregulation in gastric cancer.

We investigated the potential effect of Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) on hypoxia-induced Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) expression in gastric cancer cells. Our results revealed that hypoxia augmented Cox-2 and Ang-2 expressions. Also, the hypoxia-induced Ang-2 could be mimicked by CoCl(2) treatment while genestein treatment could partially counteract the hypoxia-induced Ang-2 expression.