Spatial Organization of Macrophages in CTL Rich Hepatocellular Carcinoma Influences CTL Antitumor Activity.

Despite the pivotal role of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in anti-tumor immunity, a substantial proportion of CTL-rich hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients experience early relapse or immunotherapy resistance. However, spatial immune variations impacting the heterogeneous clinical outcomes of CTL-rich HCCs remain poorly understood. Here, we compared the single-cell and spatial landscapes of 20 CTL-rich HCCs with distinct prognoses using multiplexed in situ staining and validated the prognostic value of myeloid spatial patterns in a cohort of 386 patients.

Myeloid response evaluated by noninvasive CT imaging predicts post-surgical survival and immune checkpoint therapy benefits in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: The potential of preoperative CT in the assessment of myeloid immune response and its application in predicting prognosis and immune-checkpoint therapy outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been explored.

Methods: A total of 165 patients with pathological slides and multi-phase CT images were included to develop a radiomics signature for predicting the imaging-based myeloid response score (iMRS). Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were assessed according to the iMRS risk group and validated in a surgical resection cohort ( = 98).

GPER1 signaling restricts macrophage proliferation and accumulation in human hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Sex hormones and their related receptors have been reported to impact the development and progression of tumors. However, their influence on the composition and function of the tumor microenvironment is not well understood. We aimed to investigate the influence of sex disparities on the proliferation and accumulation of macrophages, one of the major components of the tumor microenvironment, in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Cholinergic macrophages promote the resolution of peritoneal inflammation.

The non-neural cholinergic system plays a critical role in regulating immune equilibrium and tissue homeostasis. While the expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the enzyme catalyzing acetylcholine biosynthesis, has been well documented in lymphocytes, its role in the myeloid compartment is less understood. Here, we identify a significant population of macrophages (Mϕs) expressing ChAT and synthesizing acetylcholine in the resolution phase of acute peritonitis.

PERK reprograms hematopoietic progenitor cells to direct tumor-promoting myelopoiesis in the spleen.

The spleen is an important site of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) preconditioning and tumor-promoting myeloid cell generation in cancer, but the regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Here, we found that PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) mediated HSPC reprogramming into committed MDSC precursors in the spleen via PERK-ATF4-C/EBPβ signaling. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of this pathway in murine and human HSPCs prevented their myeloid descendant cells from becoming MDSCs even with subsequent exposure to tumor microenvironment (TME) factors.

Myeloid signature reveals immune contexture and predicts the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUNDDespite an increasing appreciation of the roles that myeloid cells play in tumor progression and therapy, challenges remain in interpreting the tumor-associated myeloid response balance and its translational value. We aimed to construct a simple and reliable myeloid signature for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).METHODSUsing in situ immunohistochemistry, we assessed the distribution of major myeloid subtypes in both peri- and intratumoral regions of HCC.

Functionalized Gold and Silver Bimetallic Nanoparticles Using Protein Extract Mediate Degradation of Toxic Dye Malachite Green.

Background: Biodegradation of toxic organic dye using nanomaterial-based microbial biocatalyst is an ecofriendly and promising technique.

Materials And Methods: Here, we have investigated the novel properties of functionalized Au-Ag bimetallic nanoparticles using extremophilic proteins (Drp-Au-AgNPs) and their degradation efficiency on the toxic triphenylmethane dye malachite green (MG).

Results And Discussion: The prepared Drp-Au-AgNPs with an average particle size of 149.

Gold Nanoparticles Biosynthesized and Functionalized Using a Hydroxylated Tetraterpenoid Trigger Gene Expression Changes and Apoptosis in Cancer Cells.

Understanding the synthetic mechanisms and cell-nanoparticle interactions of biosynthesized and functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using natural products is of great importance for developing their applications in nanomedicine. In this study, we detailed the biotransformation mechanism of Au(III) into AuNPs using a hydroxylated tetraterpenoid deinoxanthin (DX) from the extremophile Deinococcus radiodurans. During the process, Au(III) was rapidly reduced to Au(I) and subsequently reduced to Au(0) by deprotonation of the hydroxyl head groups of the tetraterpenoid.

DR1440 is a potential iron efflux protein involved in maintenance of iron homeostasis and resistance of Deinococcus radiodurans to oxidative stress.

Iron acquisition by bacteria is well studied, but iron export from bacteria is less understood. Herein, we identified dr1440 with a P-type ATPase motif as a potential exporter of iron from Deinococcus radiodurans, a bacterium known for its extreme resistance to radiation and oxidants. The DR1440 was located in cell membrane as demonstrated by fluorescence labelling analysis.

Biosynthesis of Au, Ag and Au-Ag bimetallic nanoparticles using protein extracts of and evaluation of their cytotoxicity.

Background: Biosynthesis of noble metallic nanoparticles (NPs) has attracted significant interest due to their environmental friendly and biocompatible properties.

Methods: In this study, we investigated syntheses of Au, Ag and Au-Ag bimetallic NPs using protein extracts of , which demonstrated powerful metal-reducing ability. The obtained NPs were characterized and analyzed by various spectroscopy techniques.

Toxin-Antitoxin MazEF-dr Mediates Cell Death in Response to DNA Damage Stress.

Here we identified a functional MazEF-dr system in the exceptionally stress-resistant bacterium . We showed that overexpression of the toxin MazF-dr inhibited the growth of . The toxic effect of MazF-dr was due to its sequence-specific endoribonuclease activity on RNAs containing a consensus 5'ACA3', and it could be neutralized by MazE-dr.

A tamB homolog is involved in maintenance of cell envelope integrity and stress resistance of Deinococcus radiodurans.

The translocation and assembly module (TAM) in bacteria consists of TamA and TamB that form a complex to control the transport and secretion of outer membrane proteins. Herein, we demonstrated that the DR_1462-DR_1461-DR_1460 gene loci on chromosome 1 of Deinococcus radiodurans, which lacks tamA homologs, is a tamB homolog (DR_146T) with two tamB motifs and a DUF490 motif. Mutation of DR_146T resulted in cell envelope peeling and a decrease in resistance to shear stress and osmotic pressure, as well as an increase in oxidative stress resistance, consistent with the phenotype of a surface layer (S-layer) protein SlpA (DR_2577) mutant, demonstrating the involvement of DR_146T in maintenance of cell envelope integrity.

Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by the extreme bacterium and an evaluation of their antibacterial properties.

is an extreme bacterium known for its high resistance to stresses including radiation and oxidants. The ability of to reduce Au(III) and biosynthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was investigated in aqueous solution by ultraviolet and visible (UV/Vis) absorption spectroscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). efficiently synthesized AuNPs from 1 mM Au(III) solution in 8 h.

Development and assessment of kerateine nanoparticles for use as a hemostatic agent.

Uncontrolled bleeding frequently occurs in some emergencies which can result in severe injury and even death. Keratin hydrogel has been found that it had good ahemostatic efficacy in the previous studies. However, an ideal hemostatic agent should not require mixing or preparation in advance, and hydrogel is not easy to store and carry.