Nutrient requirements determined by grain yield and protein content to optimize N, P, and K fertilizer management in China.

Nutrient requirement for crop growth, defined as the amount of nutrient that crops take up from soil to produce a specific grain yield, is a key parameter in determining fertilizer application rate. However, existing studies primarily focus on identifying nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) requirements solely in relation to grain yield, neglecting grain protein content, a crucial index for wheat grain quality. Addressing this gap, we conducted multi-site, multi-cultivar, and multi-year field trials across three ecological regions of China from 2016 to 2020 to elucidate variations in nutrient requirements for grain yield and grain protein.

Trends and driving forces of agricultural carbon emissions: A case study of Anhui, China.

To facilitate accurate prediction and empirical research on regional agricultural carbon emissions, this paper uses the LLE-PSO-XGBoost carbon emission model, which combines the Local Linear Embedding (LLE), Particle Swarm Algorithm (PSO) and Extreme Gradient Boosting Algorithm (XGBoost), to forecast regional agricultural carbon emissions in Anhui Province under different scenarios. The results show that the regional agricultural carbon emissions in Anhui Province generally show an upward and then downward trend during 2000-2021, and the regional agricultural carbon emissions in Anhui Province in 2030 are expected to fluctuate between 11,342,100 tones and 14,445,700 tones under five different set scenarios. The projections of regional agricultural carbon emissions can play an important role in supporting the development of local regional agriculture, helping to guide the input and policy guidance of local rural low-carbon agriculture and promoting the development of rural areas towards a resource-saving and environment-friendly society.

Successful Interventional Treatment of Pyopneumothorax Caused by Associated with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Background: rarely causes pyopneumothorax, which is a serious state and requires a surgery. However, not every patient can tolerate surgery and individualized solutions are needed. Furthermore, many known situations are risk factors of infection, but pyopneumothorax associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis has not been reported.

The impact of hydrocodone rescheduling on utilization, abuse, misuse, and overdose deaths.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of increased federal restrictions on hydrocodone combination product (HCP) utilization, misuse, abuse, and overdose death.

Methods: We assessed utilization, misuse, abuse, and overdose death trends involving hydrocodone versus select opioid analgesics (OAs) and heroin using descriptive and interrupted time-series (ITS) analyses during the nine quarters before and after the October 2014 rescheduling of HCPs from a less restrictive (CIII) to more restrictive (CII) category.

Results: Hydrocodone dispensing declined >30% over the study period, and declines accelerated after rescheduling.

Nurse-led care versus usual care on cardiovascular risk factors for patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objects: This study aims to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of nurse-led cares on cardiovascular risk factors among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: The electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane Library databases were searched for randomised controlled trials of nurse-led care for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) published in English from inception to 23 December 2021.

Identification of potential drug name confusion errors in the Sentinel System.

Purpose: In July 2015, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published a drug safety communication regarding errors in prescribing and dispensing of the antidepressant Brintellix (vortioxetine) and the antiplatelet Brilinta (ticagrelor) that arose due to proprietary drug name confusion. Brintellix is indicated for major depressive disorder; Brilinta is indicated to reduce cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in patients with acute coronary syndrome or history of myocardial infarction. Brintellix was renamed to Trintellix in May 2016.

A new analytic tool developed to assess safe use recommendations.

Purpose: Develop a flexible analytic tool for the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) Sentinel System to assess adherence to safe use recommendations with two capabilities: characterize adherence to patient monitoring recommendations for a drug, and characterize concomitant medication use before, during, and/or after drug therapy.

Methods: We applied the tool in the Sentinel Distributed Database to assess adherence to the labeled recommendation that patients treated with dronedarone undergo electrocardiogram (ECG) testing no less often than every 3 months. Measures of length of treatment, time to first ECG, number of ECGs, and time between ECGs were assessed.

Patterns of Immediate-Release and Extended-Release Opioid Analgesic Use in the Management of Chronic Pain, 2003-2014.

Importance: Many stakeholders are working to improve the safe use of immediate-release (IR) and extended-release/long-acting (ER/LA) opioid analgesics. However, little information exists regarding the relative use of these 2 formulations in chronic pain management.

Objectives: To describe the distribution of IR and ER/LA opioid analgesic therapy duration and examine adding and switching patterns among patients receiving long-term IR opioid analgesic therapy, defined as at least 90 consecutive days of IR formulation use.

The Effect of FDA Drug Safety Communications on Patterns of Tiotropium Dispensing: A U.S. Health Plan Claims Database Study.

Background: The FDA issued 2 main drug safety communications (DSCs) on the cardiovascular safety of tiotropium in March 2008 (warning of a potential increased stroke risk) and January 2010 (informing of an absence of a significant increased stroke risk or cardiovascular events based on findings from a large trial).

Objective: To describe the effect of the FDA DSCs on medication dispensing of tiotropium in a large U.S.

Trends in rates of acetaminophen-related adverse events in the United States.

Purpose: The goal of this study is to summarize trends in rates of adverse events attributable to acetaminophen use, including hepatotoxicity and mortality.

Methods: A comprehensive analysis of data from three national surveillance systems estimated rates of acetaminophen-related events identified in different settings, including calls to poison centers (2008-2012), emergency department visits (2004-2012), and inpatient hospitalizations (1998-2011). Rates of acetaminophen-related events were calculated per setting, census population, and distributed drug units.

Determining the predictive value of Read codes to identify congenital cardiac malformations in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink.

Purposes: The purposes of this study were to determine (i) the positive predictive value (PPV) of multiple Read codes used to identify congenital cardiac malformation (CCM) cases in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD); (ii) the accuracy of the diagnosis date; and (iii) the source of information that the general practitioners (GPs) use for validating the diagnosis suggested by the code.

Methods: Eight hundred eighty-eight records with Read diagnostic and procedures codes for CCM, between January 1996 and November 2010, were identified from CPRD. Questionnaires were sent to GPs to verify the diagnoses and date of the code-identified events.

Antidepressant medication dispensing among montelukast initiators.

Objective: This study investigates the potential association between montelukast use and psychiatric adverse events by monitoring changes in antidepressant medication dispensing rates before and after initiating montelukast.

Methods: The primary study group of montelukast initiators was identified using the Wolters Kluwer's SOURCE Lx® pharmacy claims database (WK). This group included 232,159 patients ≤45 years old who had at least two montelukast prescriptions from 2003 to 2007.

Use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in pregnancy and cardiac malformations: a propensity-score matched cohort in CPRD.

Purpose: Research on the association of maternal selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) use and cardiac malformations in the offspring has yielded conflicting findings. We therefore sought to further investigate the association using data from a large population-based cohort in the UK.

Methods: The study population consisted of 149 464 pregnancies ending in a live birth between January/1996 and November/2010 from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink's Mother Baby Link.

Retinal thickness in eyes of older normal individuals and its implication for the diagnosis of glaucoma.

Purpose: Retinal thickness (RT) is a useful measurement for describing diseases that affect the thickness of the retina, such as glaucoma. Existing normative data are derived from relatively young individuals; however, glaucoma is most prevalent in older individuals. We therefore studied the RT in older normal individuals.

Genome wide association for substance dependence: convergent results from epidemiologic and research volunteer samples.

Background: Dependences on addictive substances are substantially-heritable complex disorders whose molecular genetic bases have been partially elucidated by studies that have largely focused on research volunteers, including those recruited in Baltimore. Maryland. Subjects recruited from the Baltimore site of the Epidemiological Catchment Area (ECA) study provide a potentially-useful comparison group for possible confounding features that might arise from selecting research volunteer samples of substance dependent and control individuals.

Agreement among glaucoma specialists in assessing progressive disc changes from photographs in open-angle glaucoma patients.

Purpose: To determine the agreement among glaucoma specialists in assessing progressive disc changes from photographs in a cohort of patients with glaucomatous visual field loss.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: Three glaucoma specialists, masked to chronological sequence, examined pairs of optic disc stereophotographs to determine whether the appearance of the optic disc had changed.

The influence of educational attainment on depression and risk of type 2 diabetes.

Objectives: We investigated the association between major depressive disorder and type 2 diabetes, whether that association is explained by health behaviors, and whether it is influenced by educational attainment.

Methods: We used discrete-time Cox proportional hazards models to determine the risk of type 2 diabetes associated with depression in a 23-year population-based cohort study.

Results: Major depressive disorder was associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes (hazard ratio [HR]=1.

Test-retest variability in structural and functional parameters of glaucoma damage in the glaucoma imaging longitudinal study.

Purpose: To determine the test-retest variability in perimetric, optic disc, and macular thickness parameters in a cohort of treated patients with established glaucoma.

Patients And Methods: In this cohort study, the authors analyzed the imaging studies and visual field tests at the baseline and 6-month visits of 162 eyes of 162 participant in the Glaucoma Imaging Longitudinal Study (GILS). They assessed the difference, expressed as the standard error of measurement, of Humphrey field analyzer II (HFA) Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm fast, Heidelberg retinal tomograph (HRT) II, and retinal thickness analyzer (RTA) parameters between the two visits and assumed that this difference was due to measurement variability, not pathologic change.

[Preparation and purification of polyclonal antibody against chymopapain].

Objective: To prepare and purify polyclonal antibody against chymopapain, and to make a foundation for establishing an immunossay for chymopapain.

Methods: New Zealand rabbit was immunized with chymopapain. Antiserum was purified by Protein A and analyzed by ELISA.

A comparison of quantitative mapping and stereoscopic fundus photography grading of retinal thickness in diabetic eyes with macular edema.

Objective: To evaluate the ability of a retina specialist's grading of 30 degrees color stereoscopic fundus photographs to identify areas of significant retinal thickening as assessed by the Retinal Thickness Analyzer (RTA) and to determine whether this ability was affected by the presence of retinal pathology.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-two eyes in 29 patients clinically diagnosed as having diabetic macular edema underwent RTA scanning and nonsimultaneous 30 degrees color stereoscopic fundus photography. Retinal thickness maps of the macular area were generated, and regions with significant retinal thickening (> or = 2 SD above normal values) were identified.