IHH-GLI-1-HIF-2α signalling influences hypertrophic chondrocytes to exacerbate osteoarthritis progression.

Background: Chondrocyte hypertrophy is a potential target for osteoarthritis (OA) treatment, with Indian hedgehog (IHH), glioma-associated oncogene homolog (GLI), and hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) being closely associated with chondrocyte hypertrophy during OA progression. Whereas IHH can modulate chondrocyte hypertrophy, interference with IHH signalling has not achieved the anticipated therapeutic effects and poses safety concerns, necessitating further clarification of the specific mechanisms by which IHH affects articular cartilage degeneration. Inhibition of the HIF-2α overexpression in cartilage slows the progression of early OA, but the mechanisms underlying HIF-2α accumulation in OA cartilage remain unclear.

TSP-1 increases autophagy level in cartilage by upregulating HSP27 which delays progression of osteoarthritis.

This study aimed to determine whether Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) can be used as a biomarker to diagnose early osteoarthritis (OA) and whether it has a chondroprotective effect against OA. We examined TSP-1 expression in cartilage, synovial fluid, and serum at different time points after anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) surgery in rats. Subsequently, TSP-1 was overexpressed or silenced to detect its effects on extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis, autophagy level, proliferation and apoptosis in chondrocytes.

Effect of Moderate Exercise on the Superficial Zone of Articular Cartilage in Age-Related Osteoarthritis.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of exercise on the superficial zone of the osteoarticular cartilage during osteoarthritis progression. Three-month-old, nine-month-old, and eighteen-month-old Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups, moderate exercise and no exercise, for 10 weeks. Histological staining, immunostaining, and nanoindentation measurements were conducted to detect changes in the superficial zone.

Network Pharmacology and in vitro Experimental Verification on Intervention of Quercetin, Present in Chinese Medicine Yishen Qutong Granules, on Esophageal Cancer.

Objective: To explore the potential mechanism of Yishen Qutong Granules (YSQTG) for the treatment of esophageal cancer using network pharmacology and experimental research.

Methods: The effective components and molecular mechanism of YSQTG in treating esophageal cancer were expounded based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. The key compound was identified by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) to verify the malignant phenotype of the key compounds in the treatment of esophageal cancer.

microRNA-214-3p Suppresses Ankylosing Spondylitis Fibroblast Osteogenesis BMP-TGF Axis and BMP2.

Recent investigations suggest microRNAs (miRs) exert functions in fibroblast osteogenesis in ankylosing spondylitis (AS), an inflammatory rheumatic disease. But the mechanism of miR-214-3p in osteogenic differentiation in AS is not clearly understood yet. In this study, fibroblasts were obtained from the capsular ligament of patients with AS and femoral neck fracture and cultured for osteogenic induction and identified.

Moderate Nrf2 Activation by Genetic Disruption of Keap1 Has Sex-Specific Effects on Bone Mass in Mice.

Keap1 is a negative controller of the transcription factor Nrf2 for its activity. The Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway has been considered as a master regulator of cytoprotective genes, and exists in many cell types including osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Our previous study shows Nrf2 deletion decreases bone formation.

Upregulating MicroRNA-410 or Downregulating Wnt-11 Increases Osteoblasts and Reduces Osteoclasts to Alleviate Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head.

Background: Little is known regarding the functional role of microRNA-410 (miR-410) in osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH); hence, the aim of the present study was to investigate miR-410 targeting Wnt-11 to modulate the osteogenic and osteoclastic mechanism in the prevention of ONFH.

Methods: Fifteen ONFH samples and 15 normal samples were gathered. The pathological changes of the femoral head, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts in the clinical samples were observed.

Cancer Survivors Could Get Survival Benefits from Postdiagnosis Physical Activity: A Meta-Analysis.

Background: Physical activity presents significant protection against death from cancer in the general population, so the global recommendations on physical activity for health are recommended by the WHO. While the recommendation is a guideline for general population, whether all cancer patients could get benefits from physical activity and whether the cancer patients who did not meet the requirement of the recommendation could get benefits from the physical activity, compared with the cancer patients with no physical activity, are unclear. Accordingly, we conducted a meta-analysis to identify whether the physical activity, even if low level of physical activity, could reduce the mortality of various cancer patients.

3D-Printed β-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffold Combined with a Pulse Electromagnetic Field Promotes the Repair of Skull Defects in Rats.

Trauma, infection, cancer, and congenital diseases can lead to bone defects. The combination of 3D printing with biomaterials is of great significance in the treatment of bone defects. In addition, pulse electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) can promote bone regeneration.

Topical Delivery of Modified Da-Cheng-Qi Decoction () Using Low-Frequency Ultrasound Sonophoresis for Refractory Metastatic Malignant Bowel Obstruction: An Open-Label Single-Arm Clinical Trial.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical delivery of modified Da-Cheng- Qi Decoction (, MDCQD) by low-frequency ultrasound sonophoresis (LFUS) in patients with refractory metastatic malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) using an objective performance criteria (OPC) design.

Methods: Fifty patients with refractory metastatic MBO were enrolled in this open-label single-arm clinical trial. Alongside fasting, gastrointestinal decompression, glycerol enema, intravenous nutrition and antisecretory therapy, a 50 g dose of MDCQD (prepared as a hydrogel) was applied through topical delivery at the site of abodminal pain or Tianshu (S 25) using LFUS for 30 min, twice daily for 5 consecutive days.

Low‑frequency pulsed electromagnetic field inhibits RANKL‑induced osteoclastic differentiation in RAW264.7 cells by scavenging reactive oxygen species.

Bone homeostasis is a dynamic balance maintained by bone formation and resorption. An increase in the number and activity of osteoclasts leads to excessive bone resorption, which in turn results in bone disease, including osteoporosis. Therefore, inhibiting the differentiation and activity of osteoclasts is important for maintaining bone mass.

The Effects of a Pulsed Electromagnetic Field on the Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells.

BACKGROUND A low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) has been confirmed to play an important role in promoting the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) possess some attractive characteristics for clinical application compared to BMSCs, such as abundant stem cells from lipoaspirates, faster growth, less discomfort and morbidity during surgery. ASCs can become adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes, neurocytes, and other cell types.

Inhibiting checkpoint kinase 1 protects bone from bone resorption by mammary tumor in a mouse model.

DNA damage response plays a critical role in tumor growth, but little is known about its potential role in bone metabolism. We employed selective inhibitors of Chk1 and examined their effects on the proliferation and migration of mammary tumor cells as well as the development of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Further, using a mouse model of bone metastasis we evaluated the effects of Chk1 inhibitors on bone quality.

The role of curcumae rhizoma-sparganii rhizoma medicated serum in epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the triple negative breast cancer: Pharmacological role of CR-SR in the TBNC.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Curcumae Rhizoma-Sparganii Rhizoma (CR-SR) medicated serum on the changes of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The EMT model was developed by using the TNBC MDA-MB-468 cells, which were treated with TGF-β1. The migration and invasion abilities of TGF-β1-treated MDA-MB-468 cells were detected by wound healing assay and transwell assay.

Elemene inhibits osteosarcoma growth by suppressing the renin‑angiotensin system signaling pathway.

Osteosarcoma remains the most prevalent primary malignant bone tumor in children and young adults globally. Therefore, novel and highly effective antitumor agents are urgently required. Elemene is a natural plant compound extracted from the medicinal Chinese herb, Rhizomazedoariae, which has been employed as an antitumor agent for the treatment of a number of tumors, including osteosarcoma.

Inhibitory Effects of Dopamine Receptor D Agonist on Mammary Tumor and Bone Metastasis.

Dopaminergic signaling plays a critical role in the nervous system, but little is known about its potential role in breast cancer and bone metabolism. A screening of ~1,000 biologically active compounds revealed that a selective agonist of dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1), A77636, inhibited proliferation of 4T1.2 mammary tumor cells as well as MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.

Effects of Yishengukang decoction on expression of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, carboxyterminal propeptide of type Ⅰ procollagen, and carboxyterminal cross-linked telepeptide of type Ⅰ collagen in malignant tumor patients with bone metastasis.

Objective: To investigate the effect of Yishengukang decoction on the expression of the metabolic bone markers, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), carboxyterminal propeptide of type Ⅰ procollagen (PICP), and arboxyterminal cross-linked telepeptide of type Ⅰ collagen (ICTP), in cancer patients with bone metastasis.

Methods: Patients (n = 180) were divided into three groups: (a) bone metastasis patients treated with Yishengukang and pamidronate disodium injection (treatment group, n = 60); (b) bone metastasis patients treated with pamidronate disodium injection alone (control group, n = 60); (c) cancer patients without metastatic bone lesion (non-bone metastasis group, n = 60). Serum levels of the metabolic markers BAP, PICP, and ICTP were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay pre- and post-therapy.

The potential effect of Wuqinxi exercise for primary osteoporosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This review aims to assess the effect of Wuqinxi exercise for primary osteoporosis. Literature search was conducted on the seven databases until June 2015. No statistical differences were found between the Wuqinxi versus no intervention, Wuqinxi plus antiosteoporosis medications versus antiosteoporosis medications on lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD).

The impact of angio-associated migratory cell protein (AAMP) on breast cancer cells in vitro and its clinical significance.

Background/aim: Angio-associated migratory cell protein (AAMP), which belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily, was found to be expressed in different human cell lines and exhibited a predominant cytosolic localization in epithelial cells. Previous studies show that the specific gene product is functional in cell migration and angiogenesis and can also be used as a marker of poor prognosis in invasive gastrointestinal stromal tumours and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast. However, the cellular role of AAMP in breast cancer is still unclear.