Corneal stromal lenticule transplantation for the treatment of congenital optic disc pit maculopathy : a case report and review.

Background: Congenital optic disc pit (ODP) is a relatively uncommon congenital anomaly of the optic disc, which seriously affects the patient's vision when combined with optic disc pit maculopathy(ODP-M). Currently, the treatment of ODP-M remains a clinical challenge and a focus of research.

Case Presentation: A boy had a pit in the inferotemporal segment of the optic disc with ODP-M.

Inheritance of chlorantraniliprole resistance and fitness costs in a field population of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in China.

Background: Cnaphalocrocis medinalis is one of the major rice insect pests in Asia. Chlorantraniliprole is one of the most important insecticides for the control of C. medinalis.

Heterogeneity of SARS-CoV-2 immune responses after the nationwide Omicron wave in China.

It remains unclear how previous infections and vaccinations influenced and shaped heterogeneous immune responses against Omicron and its variants in diverse populations in China. After the national wave of Omicron in early 2023, we evaluated serum levels of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against Omicron (B.1.

The potential role of lung microbiota and lauroylcarnitine in T-cell activation associated with checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis.

Background: Checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) is a potentially fatal adverse event characterized by new pulmonary infiltrates in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. This study aims to explore the interplay between lung microbiota, dysregulated metabolites, and host immunity in CIP.

Methods: We recruited thirteen hospitalized CIP patients, eleven idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients, and ten new-onset non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Metabolic and Microbial Dysregulation in Preterm Infants with Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome: An Early Developmental Perspective.

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) is one of the most severe respiratory disorders in preterm infants (PTIs) due to immature lung development. To delineate the serum metabolic alterations and gut microbiota variations in NRDS and assess their implications on neonatal development, we enrolled 13 NRDS neonates and 12 PTIs and collected fecal and serum specimens after birth. Longitudinal fecal sampling was conducted weekly for a month in NRDS neonates.

A systematic review and cross-database analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms underlying hip morphology and osteoarthritis reveals shared mechanisms.

Objective: Understanding the mechanisms of hip disease, such as osteoarthritis (OA), is crucial to advance their treatment. Such hip diseases often involve specific morphological changes. Genetic variations, called single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), influence various hip morphological parameters.

Plasma proteome analysis and validation of patients with community-acquired pneumonia: A cohort study.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic potential of plasma biomarkers of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and their severity grading.

Experimental Design: Plasma proteomes from cohort I (n = 32) with CAP were analyzed by data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (MS). MetaboAnalyst 5.

Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase level predicts the severity and prognosis of patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective multicenter study.

Background: Identifying the diagnosis as well as prognosis for patients presented with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains challenging. We aimed to identify the role of lysophosphatidylcholine acyl-transferase (LPCAT) for CAP along with assessing this protein's effectiveness as a biomarker for severity of disease and mortality.

Methods: Prospective multicenter research study was carried out among hospitalized patients.

Clinical performance of BALF droplet digital PCR for differential diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and Pneumocystis jirovecii colonization.

Background: Accurate differentiation between Pneumocystis jirovecii (Pj) infection and colonization is crucial for effective treatment.

Methods: From September 2016 to June 2022, 89 immunocompromised patients with unexplained lung infiltrates and clinical suspicion of Pj pneumonia were enrolled at Peking University People's Hospital. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of these patients were detected by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR).

A simple joint detection platform for high-throughput single-cell heterogeneity screening.

Single cell heterogeneity plays an important role in many biological phenomena and distinguishing cells that exhibit certain mutation in sample could benefit clinical diagnose and drug screening. Typical single cell detection methods such as flow cytometry, in-situ hybridization, real-time amplification or sequencing test either protein or nucleic acid as target and usually require specialized instruments. Joint measurement of the both types of targets could be done by combining the above strategies precisely but also unwieldly.

Relationship between clinical features and droplet digital PCR copy number in non-HIV patients with pneumocystis pneumonia.

Objective: Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is a novel assay to detect pneumocystis jjrovecii (Pj) which has been defined to be more sensitive than qPCR in recent studies. We aimed to explore whether clinical features of pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) were associated with ddPCR copy numbers of Pj.

Methods: A total of 48 PCP patients were retrospectively included.

Recent advances in droplet sequential monitoring methods for droplet sorting.

Droplet microfluidics is an attractive technology to run parallel experiments with high throughput and scalability while maintaining the heterogeneous features of individual samples or reactions. Droplet sorting is utilized to collect the desired droplets based on droplet characterization and in-droplet content evaluation. A proper monitoring method is critical in this process, which governs the accuracy and maximum frequency of droplet handling.

T2T-YAO: A Telomere-to-telomere Assembled Diploid Reference Genome for Han Chinese.

Since its initial release in 2001, the human reference genome has undergone continuous improvement in quality, and the recently released telomere-to-telomere (T2T) version - T2T-CHM13 - reaches its highest level of continuity and accuracy after 20 years of effort by working on a simplified, nearly homozygous genome of a hydatidiform mole cell line. Here, to provide an authentic complete diploid human genome reference for the Han Chinese, the largest population in the world, we assembled the genome of a male Han Chinese individual, T2T-YAO, which includes T2T assemblies of all the 22 + X + M and 22 + Y chromosomes in both haploids. The quality of T2T-YAO is much better than those of all currently available diploid assemblies, and its haploid version, T2T-YAO-hp, generated by selecting the better assembly for each autosome, reaches the top quality of fewer than one error per 29.

Lung microbiome and cytokine profiles in different disease states of COPD: a cohort study.

Increasing evidence indicates that respiratory tract microecological disorders may play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Understanding the composition of the respiratory microbiome in COPD and its relevance to respiratory immunity will help develop microbiome-based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. One hundred longitudinal sputum samples from 35 subjects with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) were analysed for respiratory bacterial microbiome using 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing technology, and the sputum supernatant was analysed for 12 cytokines using a Luminex liquid suspension chip.

Is the traction table necessary to treat femoral fractures with intramedullary nailing? A meta-analysis.

Background: The traction table is generally used in femoral intramedullary nailing surgery. Recently, some published studies have shown that the same or better treatment effects can be gotten without a traction table. It remains no consensus on this issue.

Collateral sensitivity between tetracyclines and aminoglycosides constrains resistance evolution in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Aims: The acquisition of resistance to one antibiotic may confer an increased sensitivity to another antibiotic in bacteria, which is an evolutionary trade-off between different resistance mechanisms, defined as collateral sensitivity (CS). Exploiting the role of CS in treatment design could be an effective method to suppress or even reverse resistance evolution.

Methods: Using experimental evolution, we systematically studied the CS between aminoglycosides and tetracyclines in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) and explored the underlying mechanisms through genomic and transcriptome analyses.

Metabolic landscape dysregulation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis.

Background: Checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) is a potentially fatal adverse event resulting from immunotherapy in patients with malignant tumors. However, the pathogenesis of CIP remains poorly understood.

Methods: We collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from cohorts of patients with CIP, new-onset lung cancer (LC), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

Resistance to Cefiderocol Involved Expression of PER-1 β-Lactamase and Downregulation of Iron Transporter System in Carbapenem-Resistant .

Background: Cefiderocol (CFDC) is a promising antimicrobial agent against multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria. However, CFDC resistance has emerged in carbapenem-resistant (CR-AB) but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods: Whole-genome sequencing and transcriptome sequencing were performed on CFDC-non-susceptible and CFDC-susceptible isolates.