Safe Region of Craniotomy to Access the Cerebellopontine Region by Retrosigmoid Approach: A Radiological and Anatomical Study.

Accurately positioning the sigmoid sinus (SS), transverse sinus (TS), and vertebral artery (VA) is significantly important during the retrosigmoid (RS) approach. This study aimed to use emissary vein and digastric point as landmarks in high-resolution computer topographic image to locate the SS, TS, and VA to help surgeons to avoid injuring these vascular structures during RS craniotomy. Computed topographic (CT) angiography images of 107 individuals were included, the measurement was performed on coronal, sagittal, and axis planes after the multiplanar reformation.

Glioma Imaging by O-(2-18F-Fluoroethyl)-L-Tyrosine PET and Diffusion-Weighted MRI and Correlation With Molecular Phenotypes, Validated by PET/MR-Guided Biopsies.

Gliomas exhibit high intra-tumoral histological and molecular heterogeneity. Introducing stereotactic biopsy, we achieved a superior molecular analysis of glioma using O-(2-18F-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (FET)-positron emission tomography (PET) and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI). Patients underwent simultaneous DWI and FET-PET scans.

First-in-Human Trial of EphA2-Redirected CAR T-Cells in Patients With Recurrent Glioblastoma: A Preliminary Report of Three Cases at the Starting Dose.

Unlabelled: Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain malignancy with limited treatment options. EphA2 is a tumor-associated-antigen overexpressed in glioblastoma. Pre-clinical studies have demonstrated the promise of EphA2-redirected CAR T-cells against glioblastoma.

Somatic MAP3K3 and PIK3CA mutations in sporadic cerebral and spinal cord cavernous malformations.

Cavernous malformations affecting the CNS occur in ∼0.16-0.4% of the general population.

Dural plasmacytoma as the initial presentation of multiple myeloma: A case report and review of the literature.

Dural plasmacytoma is a type of multiple myeloma of the central nervous system. Our patient presented with symptoms of headache. Imaging findings suspected glioblastoma, whereas pathological findings revealed mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma associating with plasma cell differentiation.

Simultaneous FET-PET and contrast-enhanced MRI based on hybrid PET/MR improves delineation of tumor spatial biodistribution in gliomas: a biopsy validation study.

Purpose: Glioma treatment planning requires precise tumor delineation, which is typically performed with contrast-enhanced (CE) MRI. However, CE MRI fails to reflect the entire extent of glioma. O-(2-F-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (F-FET) PET may detect tumor volumes missed by CE MRI.

A Mistaken Diagnosis of Secondary Glioblastoma as Parasitosis.

Glioblastoma is a malignant brain tumor with poor prognosis requiring early diagnosis. Secondary glioblastoma refers to cases that progressed from low-grade glioma. Evidence shows that timely resection correlates with increased survival.

RELA Fusion in Supratentorial Extraventricular Ependymomas: A Morphologic, Immunohistochemical, and Molecular Study of 43 Cases.

Supratentorial extraventricular ependymomas (STEEs) are relatively rare ependymomas, and their pathologic and genetic characteristics are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the histologic, immunohistochemical, and RELA fusion features, as well as to clarify in more detail the clinical courses of STEEs. Data from a total of 43 patients with STEEs was analyzed retrospectively.

Feasibility of High-Resolution 3-Dimensional Sampling Perfection with Application-Optimized Contrast Using Different Flip Angle Evolution Imaging for the Preoperative Detection of Parasinus Meningioma: A Pilot Study Compared with Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Venography.

Objectives: To prospectively evaluate the diagnostic value of 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance 3-dimensional sampling perfection with application-optimized contrast using different flip angle evolution (3D-SPACE) in the detection of sinus wall invasion and sinus patency in parasinus meningiomas.

Methods: In this study, 28 patients with suspected meningiomas adjacent to the venous sinus underwent conventional magnetic resonance imaging, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance venography, and 3D-SPACE scans.

H3 K27M-mutant diffuse midline gliomas in different anatomical locations.

The histone H3 K27M mutation has been frequently reported in most diffuse midline gliomas. However, the relationship between the H3 K27M mutation and clinical outcomes of gliomas from different anatomical locations is still not fully understood. A total of 120 patients with diffuse midline gliomas were selected for this retrospective observational study.

Patched Closure of Dural Outlet of External Ventricular Drainage Catheter: Better Way to Prevent Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage.

Postoperative continuous bloody cerebral spinal fluid drainage with external ventricular drainage catheter could decrease the incidence of inflammation. But the drainage catheter left in place will interrupt the watertight dura matter closure. To prevent the related cerebrospinal fluid leakage and subgaleal pseudomeningocele after the catheter removal, we developed a patched closure method to seal the dural outlet of the drainage catheter with a favorable clinical outcome.

Gliosarcomas with the V600E mutation: a report of two cases and review of the literature.

Gliosarcoma, which is regarded as a variant of glioblastoma, is a rare malignant neoplasm of the central nervous system. Both its sarcomatous component and glial component are reported to share significant clinical and genetic similarities. However, gliosarcomas are considered to be characterised by a lack of the V600E mutation.

Effects of simulated microgravity on human brain nervous tissue.

During spaceflight, the negative effects of space microgravity on astronauts are becoming more and more prominent, and especially, of which on the nervous system is urgently to be solved. For this purpose tissue blocks and primary cells of nervous tissues obtained from glioma of patients were cultivated after culturing for about 7days, explanted tissues and cells were then randomly divided into two groups, one for static culture (control group, C), and the other for rotary processing for 1day, 3days, 5days, 7days and 14days (experiment group, E). Figures captured by inverted microscope revealed that, with short time rotating for 1day or 3days, morphology changes of tissue blocks were not obvious.

Simulation-based airway management training: application and looking forward.

Within the airway management field, simulation has been used as a tool of training for over 40 years. Simulation training offers a chance of active involvement for the trainees. It can effectively enhance and upgrade the knowledge and skills of the trainees in airway management, and subsequently decrease medical errors and improve patients' outcomes and safety through a variety of airway management training modalities, such as common airway skills, difficult airway management strategies, and crisis management skills.

Serine/Threonine Protein Phosphatase-5 Accelerates Cell Growth and Migration in Human Glioma.

Glioma is the most common type of primary central nervous system tumor. Ser/Thr protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) has been shown to regulate multiple signaling cascades that suppress growth and facilitate apoptosis in several human cancer cells. However, the role of PP5 in human gliomas remains unclear.

Anatomy of the petrous apex as related to the endoscopic endonasal approach.

The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) has been reported to be an efficient approach for treating lesions of the petrous apex. However, there have been only limited anatomic studies for the EEA. Furthermore, most of the relevant distances for EEA cannot be measured easily on a cadaveric skull.

Extended transsphenoidal approach for pituitary adenomas invading the anterior cranial base, cavernous sinus, and clivus: a single-center experience with 126 consecutive cases.

Object: The standard transsphenoidal approach has been successfully used to resect most pituitary adenomas. However, as a result of the limited exposure provided by this procedure, complete surgical removal of pituitary adenomas with parasellar or retrosellar extension remains problematic. By additional bone removal of the cranial base, the extended transsphenoidal approach provides better exposure to the parasellar and clival region compared with the standard approach.

Intraventricular pre-treatment with rAAV-VEGF induces intracranial hypertension and aggravates ischemic injury at the early stage of transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats.

Objective: To examine the effects of intraventricular pre-treatment with recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors encoding VEGF (rAAV-VEGF) on early stroke in a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO).

Methods: rAAV-VEGF, rAAV-null or physiologic saline was delivered into the lateral ventricle of 93 Wistar rats, respectively. Eight weeks later, the rats were subjected to tMCAO for 2 hours.

[Study on trans-differentiation of adult human myoblasts into neural precursor cells and its implantation in rats].

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of inducing adult human myoblasts into neural precursor cells.

Methods: The myoblasts were isolated with mixed digestive enzyme from minced human temporal muscle samples, cultured and purified clonally. The 3rd passage cells were incubated with serum free medium including basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF).

[Expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein in rat brain transduced by recombinant adeno-associated viruses type 1 and type 2].

Objective: To explore the expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) transduced into the brain via recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) type 1 and rAAV type 2 vectors so as to select the better rAAV serotype and feasible gene transfer route to central nervous system (CNS).

Methods: Twenty-four SD male adult rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups: rAAV1 intra-hippocampus injection group, rAAV1 intra-ventricular injection group, rAAV2 intra-hippocampus injection group, and rAAV2 intra-ventricular injection group to be injected stereotactically with titer and volume matched rAAV1-EGFP and rAAV2-EGFP vectors respectively. The rats were sacrificed respectively 2 and 4 weeks after injection and their brains were removed to be made into serial frozen coronal sections.

Proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in adult rats after cerebral infarction.

Objective: To investigate proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in adult rats after cerebral infarction.

Methods: Models of cerebral infarction in rats were made and the time-course expression of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), Musashi1, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN) were determined by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. BrdU and Musashi1 were used to mark dividing neural stem cells.