Efficacy and safety of olaparib, olaparib plus bevacizumab and niraparib maintenance treatment in Japanese patients with platinum-sensitive advanced ovarian cancer.

Objective: To investigate whether maintenance treatment could be safely and effectively performed with olaparib, olaparib plus bevacizumab and niraparib in platinum-sensitive advanced ovarian cancer at multiple institutions in Japan.

Methods: We investigated progression-free survival and adverse events in 117 patients with platinum-sensitive advanced ovarian cancer treated with maintenance therapy.

Results: The median progression-free survival of 117 patients was 20.

Relationship Between Hematological Toxicities During Maintenance Treatment and During Chemotherapy Before Maintenance Treatment in Patients With Platinum-sensitive Relapsed Ovarian Cancer.

Background/aim: To determine if maintenance treatment can be performed effectively and safely in patients with platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer.

Patients And Methods: We carried out a multi-center study to investigate progression-free survival (PFS) and adverse events (AEs) in 229 patients receiving maintenance treatment for platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer.

Results: The median PFS in the 229 patients with maintenance treatment was 14.

Lynch syndrome-associated endometrial carcinoma with MLH1 germline mutation and MLH1 promoter hypermethylation: a case report and literature review.

Background: Lynch syndrome is an autosomal dominant inherited disease caused by germline mutations in mismatch repair genes. Analysis for microsatellite instability (MSI) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of protein expressions of disease-associated genes is used to screen for Lynch syndrome in endometrial cancer patients. When losses of both MLH1 and PMS2 proteins are observed by IHC, MLH1 promoter methylation analysis is conducted to distinguish Lynch syndrome-associated endometrial cancer from sporadic cancer.

Long-term outcomes of postoperative taxane/platinum chemotherapy for early stage cervical cancer: a retrospective study.

Background: Taxane/platinum (TP)-based combination chemotherapy is standard for the treatment of metastatic or recurrent cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of postoperative TP therapy in early stage cervical cancer.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients with FIGO IB-IIB stage cervical cancer who were treated with radical hysterectomy and displayed surgical-pathological risk factors was performed.

[Safety and Efficacy of Cisplatin Treatment after Carboplatin Hypersensitivity Reactions in Gynecologic Malignancies].

To investigate the safety and efficacy of cisplatin(CDDP)treatment after carboplatin(CBDCA)hypersensitivity reactions (CHSR)in gynecologic malignancies, we retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 544 patients who underwent paclitaxel and CBDCA therapy(TC therapy). CHSR was observed in 18 patients. Eight patients were administered weekly paclitaxel and CDDP therapy(wTP therapy)continuously, to confirm that there was no CDDP hypersensitivity followingintravenous administration of 10 mgCDDP.

[Outcomes of Tertiary Debulking Surgery(TDS)for Re-Recurrent Ovarian Cancer].

The survival of patients with recurrent ovarian cancer who have completed secondary debulking surgery (SDS) has been shown to increase. However, whether tertiary debulking surgery (TDS) aimed at complete surgery is useful in patients with a second recurrence is unclear. Eight patients who had undergone SDS were treated after a second recurrence in our hospital.

Type C2 radical hysterectomy may improve outcomes of locally advanced mucinous adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix.

Background: It is not known whether radiotherapy or surgery is better as initial treatment for locally advanced mucinous adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix.

Methods: We reviewed the medical records and pathological materials of 32 patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IB2-IIB mucinous adenocarcinoma, who had undergone radiotherapy or radical hysterectomy as primary treatment between 2001 and 2010. p16(INK4a) immunohistochemistry was performed as a marker for human papillomavirus-related adenocarcinoma.

A case of ependymoma arising from the peritoneum.

Ependymoma arising from the peritoneum is extremely rare. We present the case of a 23-year-old woman who underwent urgent laparoscopic surgery because of a pelvic mass and intraperitoneal bleeding. Although peritoneal carcinoma was suspected, pathological re-examination revealed ependymoma with a perivascular pseudorosette and positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein.

A case of uterine corpus large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma showing prominent myometrial invasion without any macroscopically clear tumor formation.

Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) arising in the uterine corpus is a very rare. Here, we report our experience with a primary LCNEC in the uterine corpus that showed prominent myometrial invasion without exhibiting any macroscopically distinct tumor formation in the uterine cavity. The patient was a 54-year-old woman.

The usefulness of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in discriminating benign from malignant ovarian teratomas.

Background: The present study investigates the usefulness of 18F-FDG-PET/CT (PET/CT) in distinguishing between benign and malignant ovarian teratomas.

Methods: This study includes 4 mature teratomas (MTs) with malignant transformation, 8 immature teratomas (ITs), and 16 MTs that were diagnosed after surgical resection. Preoperative tumor marker values, MRI findings, PET/CT SUVmax values, and other clinical parameters were retrospectively compared with those of 14 patients who had MTs.

[A case of platinum-resistant, recurrent ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma successfully treated with irinotecan (CPT-11) and paclitaxel (PTX) chemotherapy].

A 40-year-old woman presented to a local clinic with abdominal distension. She was referred to our hospital for suspected ovarian cancer. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an ovarian tumor with mural nodules, ascites, pleural effusion, and peritoneal dissemination.

Monitoring the impact of a national HPV vaccination program in Japan (MINT Study): rationale, design and methods.

We have developed a collaborative hospital-based approach to monitoring the impact of a human papillomavirus vaccine on cervical cancer, its precursor lesions and human papillomavirus type-specific prevalence in Japan. The monitoring will be conducted for a total period of 21 years on women aged <40 who are newly diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or adenocarcinoma in situ at 21 participating institutes. Women are monitored to determine their vaccine history and will be human papillomavirus-genotyped each year.

Maximum standardized uptake value of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography is a prognostic factor in ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma.

Background: Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) is useful for diagnosing malignant tumors. Intracellular FDG uptake is measured as the standardized uptake value (SUV), which differs depending on tumor characteristics. This study investigated differences in maximum SUV (SUVmax) according to histologic type in ovarian epithelial cancer and the relationship of SUVmax with prognosis.

[Genetic counseling and practice of hereditary cancers at Shikoku Cancer Center].

Although the progress in understanding human genetics regarding cancer has been applied to the medical practice of treating hereditary cancers in developed western countries, it is not widely implemented in Japan. We started treating hereditary cancers at NHO Shikoku Cancer Center in November 2000. Our institution has a multidisciplinary team that provides medical care and genetic counseling for patients with hereditary cancers, and their relatives.

Long-term survival in patients with para-aortic lymph node metastasis with systematic retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy in endometrial carcinoma.

Objective: The purposes of this study were to assess modified radical hysterectomy including systematic pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with para-aortic lymph node (PAN) metastasis in endometrial carcinoma and to identify the multivariate independent prognostic factors for long-term survival during the past 10 years.

Methods: Between December 1987 and December 2002, we performed modified radical hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy including systematic pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy and peritoneal cytology in 284 endometrial carcinoma patients according to the classification of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (stage IA, n = 66; stage IB, n = 96; stage IC, n = 33; stage IIA, n = 5; stage IIB, n = 20; stage IIIA, n = 28; stage IIIC, n = 28; and stage IV, n = 8) who gave informed consents at our institute. Patients with tumor confined to the uterus (stages IC and II) were treated by 3 courses of cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m2, epirubicin 50 mg/m2, and cisplatin 75 mg/m2 regimen 3 to 4 weeks apart, and patients with extrauterine lesions involving adnexa and/or pelvic lymph node (PLN) were treated by 5 courses.

Distribution of platinum in the female genital tract and efficacy of radiotherapy combined with transcatheter arterial infusion of cisplatin for locally advanced stage IIIb carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

The current main treatment for locally advanced stage III/IV cervical cancer involves chemoradiotherapy. In this study, we investigated the distribution of platinum in the female genital tract by intra-arterial infusion of platinum (carboplatin 150 mg) during surgery and examined the therapeutic effects of radiotherapy with transcatheter arterial infusion (TAI) of cisplatin for locally advanced carcinoma of the uterine cervix. From January 1991, we randomly selected 26 patients with locally advanced stage IIIb cervical cancer to receive radiotherapy combined with TAI of 120 mg/body cisplatin twice a month at an interval of 4 weeks.

Preclinical analysis of the antitumor efficacy of TS-1 using human uterine cervical cancer tumor xenografts.

We investigated the antitumor activity of TS-1 in comparison with that of UFT and cisplatin (CDDP) against cervical cancer using xenografts of a human uterine cervical squamous cell cancer cell line, CaSki, transplanted into female Balb/cA JcL-nu mice. CaSki cell xenografts were prepared by subcutaneous (s.c.

Human papillomavirus DNA status after loop excision for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III - A prospective study.

The aims of the study were to investigate the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA status and recurrence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) after loop excision (LEEP/LLETZ). Women (n=161) who underwent loop excision for CIN III and who were followed up prospectively for at least 4 years were the study cohort. Cervical smear cytology and testing for HPV DNA was performed at 3, 6 and 12 months prospectively and thereafter at intervals of 6-12 months, using the PCR method with a consensus primer targeting the L1 region.

Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 protein and its relationship to apoptosis in cervical carcinoma treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

The aims of this study were to examine the overexpression of COX-2 protein and its relationship to apoptosis in cervical carcinoma patients treated with neoadjuvant chemo-therapy (NAC), and to assess the potential role of COX-2 as a predictor of the response to NAC in a series of patients with cervical carcinoma. For immunohistochemical analysis, cervical cancer tissue samples were collected before NAC and 3 weeks after NAC using transcatheter arterial infusion of cisplatin from 40 patients who underwent surgery for advanced cervical carcinoma in stages IB, IIA and IIB and from 5 normal cervical tissues between 1991 and 2000 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, under informed consent. Patients were randomly assigned to receive one or two arterial infusions of cisplatin.

Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and its relationship to p53 accumulation in ovarian adenocarcinomas.

To investigate cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and its relationship to p53 accumulation in ovarian adenocarcinomas, COX-2 and p53 protein expressions were examined by immunohistochemistry in 86 ovarian adenocarcinomas and six normal ovaries. In addition, COX-2 mRNA expression level was examined by semi-quantitative PCR in 36 ovarian adenocarcinomas. Neither COX-2 expression nor p53 accumulation were detected in normal ovarian surface epithelium or germinal inclusion cyst epithelial cells.

GnRH agonist inhibits human telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA expression in endometrial cancer cells.

We investigated the relationship between the antiproliferative effect of GnRH agonist and telomerase activity using the endometrial cancer cell line HEC-1A. The subjects were 38 endometrial cancer, and 2 atypical endometrial hyperplasia patients. GnRH-R expression was detected using RT-PCR.

Tumor dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity in advanced cervical carcinoma.

Patients with advanced cervical carcinoma were treated with oral fluoropyrimidine (UFT) as neoadjuvant chemotherapy and its antitumor effect was examined. The relationship between thymidylate synthase (TS) or dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) activity in tumor tissue and apoptosis was also investigated. The subjects were 56 patients with advanced cervical carcinoma.

Increased MCL-1 expression is associated with poor prognosis in ovarian carcinomas.

To investigate the potential role of the BCL-2 gene family (BAX, BCL-2, MCL-1, and BCL-XL) in ovarian cancer development and progression, mRNA expression levels of these genes were measured using semi-quantitative PCR in epithelial ovarian tumor tissues and normal ovaries. The immunohistochemical expression of MCL-1 in ovarian tumors was also examined. The expression levels of BAX and MCL-1 mRNA were significantly higher in ovarian cancers and in adenomas than in normal ovaries (P < 0.