Efficacy of subsequent treatment for unresectable locally-advanced non-small cell lung cancer after relapse of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with durvalumab consolidation therapy: A single-center retrospective study.

Objectives: The current standard treatment for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) is concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) followed by durvalumab consolidation therapy. Although the trial revealed the survival benefit of adding an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) to the population, the optimal treatment strategy and efficacy of subsequent treatment after relapse remain unclear.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively collected data from patients with unresectable LA-NSCLC who completed platinum-based CCRT as first-line treatment.

Prognostic Impact of Postoperative Recurrence in Patients With Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene are the most common targetable gene alterations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In Japan, approximately 40% of patients who undergo surgical resection for non-squamous NSCLC have EGFR mutations. However, no long-term studies have been conducted including a large number of EGFR-positive NSCLC patients with postoperative recurrence (PR).

The efficacy and safety of anamorelin among patients with diabetes.

Background: Anamorelin is a selective ghrelin receptor agonist approved for cancer cachexia in Japan. Little is known about predictors of anamorelin efficacy. This study aimed to assess the effect of diabetes on the efficacy and safety of anamorelin in patients with cancer cachexia.

Efficacy of second-line chemotherapy in patients with pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.

The efficacy of second-line chemotherapy in patients with pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of second-line chemotherapy in patients with pulmonary LCNEC. We retrospectively reviewed patients with pulmonary LCNEC or possible LCNEC (pLCNEC) who received platinum-based chemotherapy as the first-line treatment.

Relationship between patterns of immunohistochemical conventional neuroendocrine markers and efficacy of immune check point inhibitors in patients with extensive disease small cell lung cancer.

Background: Which patients benefit from the addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains unclear. There have been few reports on the efficacy of ICIs based on conventional immunohistochemical neuroendocrine (NE) markers (synaptophysin, chromogranin A, and neural cell adhesion molecule [NCAM]). In the present study, we aimed to analyze the relationship between the expression of immunohistochemical NE markers and the efficacy of ICIs in patients with extensive disease (ED)-SCLC, to assess whether conventional NE markers are predictive of ICIs.

Concordance of ALK fusion gene-rearrangement between immunohistochemistry and next-generation sequencing.

Background: Although various companion diagnostic tests of ALK fusion gene-rearrangement are approved, few reports have assessed the concordance of ALK fusion gene-rearrangement in two companion diagnostic tests: next-generation sequencing (NGS) testing and immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Methods: The samples evaluated for gene alterations using NGS testing between May 2019 and November 2021 were included in this study. The inclusion criteria were as follows: samples were diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer; the results of the NGS analysis were informative; and samples had residual specimens for IHC.

Safety and efficacy of amrubicin with primary prophylactic pegfilgrastim as second-line chemotherapy in patients with small cell lung cancer.

Background: Amrubicin (AMR) regimens have shown efficacy as second-line treatment in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC); however, adverse events such as febrile neutropenia (FN) sometimes preclude their use. Further, the safety and efficacy of AMR with primary prophylactic pegfilgrastim (P-PEG) have not been sufficiently evaluated. In this study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of AMR with or without P-PEG as second-line chemotherapy for SCLC.

Incidence and Treatment Outcome of Radiation Pneumonitis in Patients With Limited-stage Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Concurrent Accelerated Hyperfractionated Radiation Therapy and Chemotherapy.

Purpose: This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of and evaluate the risk factors for radiation pneumonitis (RP) induced by chemoradiation therapy (CRT) using accelerated hyperfractionated (AHF) radiation therapy (RT) in patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC).

Methods And Materials: Between September 2002 and February 2018, 125 patients with LS-SCLC were treated with early concurrent CRT using AHF-RT. Chemotherapy was comprised of carboplatin/cisplatin with etoposide.

Efficacy and safety of carboplatin and etoposide in older extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer patients with a poor performance status.

Carboplatin plus etoposide is a standard treatment for older extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) patients with performance status (PS) 2. However, older patients often exhibit poor PS (3, 4), and the treatment effect in them is poorly understood. To determine the therapeutic efficacy and safety of carboplatin plus etoposide therapy for this population, we retrospectively analyzed 63 patients with ES-SCLC with PS ≥2, aged ≥71 years, who had received first-line carboplatin plus etoposide therapy.

Clinical impact of tumour burden on the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer.

Background: Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand (PD-L1) inhibitors plus chemotherapy (ICI + Chemo) is the standard treatment for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the impact of tumour burden on the efficacy of ICI + Chemo remains unknown.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 92 patients with advanced NSCLC treated with ICI + Chemo.

Predicting the efficacy of first-line immunotherapy by combining cancer cachexia and tumor burden in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Cancer cachexia and tumor burden predict efficacies of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors and chemotherapy or pembrolizumab in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). There are no predictive models that simultaneously assess cancer cachexia and tumor burden.

Methods: In the present retrospective study, we reviewed the medical records of patients with advanced NSCLC who received cancer immunotherapy as first-line systemic therapy.

Impact of losing adipose tissue on outcomes from PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor monotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Adipose tissue induces inflammation, which desensitizes the efficacy of immunotherapy. However, several reports show that the therapeutic effect of programed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor(s) monotherapy is significantly better in obese patients. Therefore, the effect of adipose tissue on immunotherapy is unclear.

Long-term survival data of patients with limited disease small cell lung cancer: a retrospective analysis.

Introduction: In patients with limited disease small cell lung cancer (LD-SCLC) treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), long-term survival data have not been fully evaluated. Moreover, the association between long-term prognosis and prognostic factors has not been sufficiently investigated.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we evaluated the efficacy of CCRT in 120 patients with LD-SCLC with a plan for curative CRT using concurrent accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy.

Genomic analysis between idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and associated lung cancer using laser-assisted microdissection: A case report.

Lung cancer (LC) is the most fatal complication of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, the molecular pathogenesis of the development of LC from IPF is still unclear. Here, we report a case of IPF-associated LC for which we investigated the genetic alterations between IPF and LC.

Effective ferroptotic small-cell lung cancer cell death from SLC7A11 inhibition by sulforaphane.

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive cancer with poor prognosis, due to a lack of therapeutic targets. Sulforaphane (SFN) is an isothiocyanate derived from cruciferous vegetables and has shown anticancer effects against numerous types of cancer. However, its anticancer effect against SCLC remains unclear.

Successful treatment of an elderly patient with an uncommon L861Q epidermal growth factor receptor mutation with low-dose afatinib: A case report.

There are limited data on the clinical efficiency of afatinib in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. Moreover, the efficacy and safety of afatinib in elderly patients with these mutations has not been established. Here, we describe a case of successful treatment of a patient aged >80 years with lung adenocarcinoma positive for the uncommon EGFR L861Q mutation with low-dose afatinib.

The Diagnosis of Exogenous Lipoid Pneumonia Caused by the Silent Aspiration of Vegetable Oil Using a Lipidomic Analysis.

We herein report a case of refractory exogenous lipoid pneumonia that was successfully attributed to vegetable oil through a lipidomic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). As a 25-year-old woman diagnosed with lipoid pneumonia experienced repeated exacerbations and improvement, we performed a BALF lipidomic analysis. The major lipid components were oleic acid, linoleic acid, and α-linolenic acid, which are constituents of vegetable oil.

Increased extracellular vesicle miRNA-466 family in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as a precipitating factor of ARDS.

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening disease; however, its treatment has not yet been fully established. The progression of ARDS is considered to be mediated by altered intercellular communication between immune and structural cells in the lung. One of several factors involved in intercellular communication is the extracellular vesicle (EV).

Clinicopathological characteristics of thyroid transcription factor 1-negative small cell lung cancers.

Limitations in obtaining surgically resected or biopsy samples of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) tumors make comprehensive biological analyses difficult. The loss of thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) has been associated with the aggressive behavior of non-small cell lung cancer; however, clinicopathological features of TTF-1-negative SCLC remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the characteristics of TTF-1-negative SCLC.