Deep learning-based correction of cataract-induced influence on macular pigment optical density measurement by autofluorescence spectroscopy.

Purpose: Measurements of macular pigment optical density (MPOD) using the autofluorescence spectroscopy yield underestimations of actual values in eyes with cataracts. Previously, we proposed a correction method for this error using deep learning (DL); however, the correction performance was validated through internal cross-validation. This cross-sectional study aimed to validate this approach using an external validation dataset.

Inter-device concordance of Veggie Meter-A reflection spectroscopy to measure skin carotenoids.

The Veggie Meter® (VM) is a refraction spectrometer that detects skin carotenoids. We tested the variability of the two modes (single-scan and averaging modes) of four VMs of three different versions (VM-1, 2, 3, 4) with 92 healthy volunteers. Both the modes exhibited a high intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC); however, the averaging mode had a significantly lower coefficient of variance than the single-scan mode.

Lutein and Zeaxanthin Distribution in the Healthy Macula and Its Association with Various Demographic Factors Examined in Pseudophakic Eyes.

The macular pigment consisting of lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) protects photoreceptors via its antioxidative and barrier activities. This study aimed to determine L and Z distribution in the healthy macula and their association with various demographic factors. Macular pigment optical density (MPOD) was measured using fundus autofluorescence spectroscopy in 352 pseudophakic eyes with no fundus diseases.

Correction for the Influence of Cataract on Macular Pigment Measurement by Autofluorescence Technique Using Deep Learning.

Purpose: Measurements of macular pigment optical density (MPOD) by the autofluorescence technique yield underestimations of actual values in eyes with cataract. We applied deep learning (DL) to correct this error.

Subjects And Methods: MPOD was measured by SPECTRALIS (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) in 197 eyes before and after cataract surgery.

Macular pigment changes after cataract surgery with yellow-tinted intraocular lens implantation.

Purpose: We previously reported that macular pigment optical density (MPOD) levels decreased during a long follow-up period after clear intraocular lens (IOL) implant surgery presumably due to excessive light exposure. We examined changes in MPOD levels in the eyes that received yellow-tinted IOL implant surgery.

Subjects And Methods: This was a prospective, observational study.

Evaluation of Relevance between Advanced Glycation End Products and Diabetic Retinopathy Stages Using Skin Autofluorescence.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are thought to play important roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy, particularly in the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR). We assessed the levels of skin autofluorescence (sAF) to assess the association between AGEs and DR stages. A total of 394 eyes of 394 Japanese subjects (172 men, 222 women; mean age ± standard deviation [SD], 68.

Macular Pigment in Eyes With Macular Hole Formation and Its Change After Surgery.

Purpose: To observe the macular pigment (MP) appearances in eyes with macular hole (MH) and clarify the origin of the appearances. The mechanisms underlying the development of MH are discussed based on the observation of MP.

Methods: This observational case series included 33 eyes of 31 patients with MH who underwent vitrectomy.

Advanced Glycation End Product Accumulation in Subjects with Open-Angle Glaucoma with and without Exfoliation.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are the products of a non-enzymatic reaction between reducing sugars and other macromolecules, are critical in aging, as well as metabolic and degenerative diseases. To assess the involvement of AGEs in glaucoma, skin autofluorescence (sAF) level, which is a measurement of AGEs' accumulation, was compared among Japanese patients with glaucoma (316 with primary open-angle glaucoma (PG) and 127 exfoliation syndrome and glaucoma (EG)) and controls (133 nonglaucomatous controls) (mean age 71.6 ± 12.

Potential roles of MNREAD acuity charts and contrast/glare sensitivity in Ranibizumab treatment of branch retinal vein occlusion.

Background/objectives: To investigate the potential utility of MNREAD acuity charts and contrast/glare sensitivity (CGS) assessment for evaluating the efficacy of an initial treatment with ranibizumab (Lucentis®) for branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).

Methods: Intravitreal injections of ranibizumab were administered in 43 eyes of 43 treatment-naïve patients with BRVO. Efficacy was assessed 1 month later.

Effect of an antioxidant supplement containing high dose lutein and zeaxanthin on macular pigment and skin carotenoid levels.

The effect of a high dose lutein/zeaxanthin supplement on macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and skin carotenoid (SC) levels in healthy subjects was investigated. This is a prospective, single-arm, open-label study. Subjects were 16 Japanese, age 26-57 years.

Spatial distribution of macular pigment estimated by autofluorescence imaging in elderly Japanese individuals.

Purpose: To determine the spatial distribution types of macular pigment (MP) in elderly Japanese individuals and to consider their origin.

Study Design: Observational case series.

Methods: Local MP optical density (MPOD) at some eccentricities and MP volume were measured using the MPOD module of a MultiColor Spectralis in 96 pseudophakic eyes of 96 participants (age range, 52-86 years; mean age, 72.

Skin Carotenoid Index in a large Japanese population sample.

Carotenoids are anti-oxidative agents. Human skin and eyes contain specific carotenoid species known to prevent various pathologies caused by oxidative stress. We quantified skin and eye carotenoid levels and investigated their potential correlation in a population including 985 Japanese patients and staff members of an ophthalmology clinic (577 men, 408 women, mean age of 69.

Grade of Cataract and Its Influence on Measurement of Macular Pigment Optical Density Using Autofluorescence Imaging.

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of cataracts on measuring macular pigment optical density (MPOD) using a dual-wavelength confocal scanning autofluorescence imaging technique and to establish methods to compensate for the influence of cataracts.

Methods: This prospective case series comprised 100 eyes that underwent cataract surgery. Cataracts were graded based on the World Health Organization classification.

Optical Detection of Macular Pigment Formation in Premature Infants.

Purpose: To demonstrate the presence of macular pigment in the retina of premature infants, and to examine its changes with age.

Methods: The participants included 40 premature infants. Infants who had received laser photocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity were excluded.

Optic coherence tomography appearances of retinal astrocytic hamartoma and systemic features in tuberous sclerosis of Japanese patients.

Purpose: To describe the optical coherence tomography findings of retinal astrocytic hamartoma of tuberous sclerosis and to confirm the association between the type of retinal astrocytic hamartoma and systemic manifestations in Japanese patients.

Study Design: A retrospective observational case series.

Methods: The medical records of 35 patients with tuberous sclerosis who underwent ophthalmological examination were reviewed.

Reliability of a commercially available heterochromatic flicker photometer, the MPS2, for measuring the macular pigment optical density of a Japanese population.

Purpose: The macular pigment optical density (MPOD) of a Japanese population was measured using a commercially based heterochromatic flicker photometer, the Macular Pigment Screener (MPS2). The objective of the study was to evaluate the accuracy and test-retest reliability of the MPS2 in Asian pigmented eyes.

Study Design: Experimental study to validate the medical instrument in humans.

Reliability of a two-wavelength autofluorescence technique by Heidelberg Spectralis to measure macular pigment optical density in Asian subjects.

This study evaluates the accuracy of an objective two-wavelength fundus autofluorescence technique for the purpose of measuring the macular pigment optical density (MPOD) in Asian pigmented eyes. Potential differences between MPOD values obtained via autofluorescence technique and subjective heterochromatic photometry (HFP) were examined. Inter-examiner reproducibility between three examiners and test-retest reliability over five time points were also explored.

Evidence of Carotenoid in Surgically Removed Lamellar Hole-Associated Epiretinal Proliferation.

Purpose: To determine the constituents and origin of the yellow pigment in surgically removed lamellar hole-associated epiretinal proliferation (LHEP) in patients with lamellar macular hole (LMH).

Methods: This prospective case series comprised nine eyes with LMH in patients aged 41 to 83 years. The presence of LHEP was confirmed by preoperative optical coherence tomography; the distribution of macular pigment was observed by two-wavelength fundus autofluorescence technique before and after surgery.

[Anti-vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy on Exudative Age-related Macular Degeneration in Routine Clinical Practice of a Single Site: the Effectiveness of Cases Followed for More than Two Years].

Purpose: To investigate the long-term effectiveness of as-needed anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy on age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Subjects And Methods: The number of treatments, treatment period, visual acuity and morphological changes were investigated retrospectively in 257 eyes of 248 patients (189 men and 59 women, mean age ± SD; 71.1 ± 9.

Changes in Macular Pigment Optical Density and Serum Lutein Concentration in Japanese Subjects Taking Two Different Lutein Supplements.

Purpose: To investigate macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and serum concentration changes of lutein in Japanese subjects participating in a clinical trial in which two formulations of lutein and zeaxanthin supplements with different physiochemical properties are used.

Methods: Thirty-six healthy volunteers were recruited into this prospective, randomized, parallel-group, double-masked comparative study at a single institute. Two products were used, FloraGLO® (Kemin Japan) and XanMax® (Katra Phytochem).

Autofluorescence imaging of macular pigment: influence and correction of ocular media opacities.

The healthy adult human retina contains in its macular region a high concentration of blue-light absorbing carotenoid compounds, known as macular pigment (MP). Consisting of the carotenoids lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin, the MP is thought to shield the vulnerable tissue layers in the retina from lightinduced damage through its function as an optical attenuator and to protect the tissue cells within its immediate vicinity through its function as a potent antioxidant. Autofluorescence imaging (AFI) is emerging as a viable optical method for MP screening of large subject populations, for tracking of MP changes over time, and for monitoring MP uptake in response to dietary supplementation.

Effect of age and other factors on macular pigment optical density measured with resonance Raman spectroscopy.

Background: Macular pigment is a defense system against phototoxic damage of the retina by visible light. It is still under debate whether or not macular pigment optical density (MPOD) levels decline with age, because the age effect varied depending on the technique used to measure MPOD levels. Resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) is an objective method to measure MPOD, and studies using RRS showed a drastic age-related decline of MPOD levels; however, since RRS measurements are influenced by cataracts, it has been argued that the age-related decline of RRS measurements is an artifact from lens changes in aged subjects.

Macular pigment density changes in Japanese individuals supplemented with lutein or zeaxanthin: quantification via resonance Raman spectrophotometry and autofluorescence imaging.

Purpose: Our purpose was to determine whether either lutein or zeaxanthin supplementation affects macular pigment concentration/optical density (MPOD) in healthy Japanese individuals.

Methods: Twenty-two healthy volunteers were randomized to either 10 mg of orally administered lutein or zeaxanthin daily for up to 3 months. MPOD levels were measured by resonance Raman spectrophotometry (RRS) and one-wavelength autofluorescence imaging (AFI) at baseline and 1, 2, and 3 months after the start of supplementation.