Utility of adding oesophageal to endobronchial endosonography when staging lung cancer: a randomised trial.

Introduction: Both combined endobronchial ultrasonography (EBUS) and transoesophageal bronchoscopic ultrasonography (EUS-B) and EBUS alone have been recommended for preoperative mediastinal staging of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, no randomised study comparing these two methods has been published. The purpose of the present study was to compare the sensitivity of EBUS and that of combined EBUS and EUS-B (EBUS/EUS-B) in terms of detecting N2/N3 disease during staging of NSCLC.

Lymphaticovenular Anastomosis as a Treatment for Neurogenic Bladder in Patients With Lower Extremity Lymphedema After Gynecologic Cancer Treatment.

Background And Objectives: Neurogenic bladder (NB), a complication of gynecological cancer treatment, entails significant symptoms such as loss of urinary urgency, incontinence, and renal dysfunction. To investigate whether lymphatic fluid stagnation at the pelvis causes NB, we investigated the effectiveness of lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) for NB.

Methods: In this retrospective study between 2014 and April 2024, LVA was performed on 52 patients complaining of preoperative urinary dysfunction with lower extremity lymphedema following pelvic lymphadenectomy in gynecologic cancer treatment.

Embolization of Ruptured Aneurysms in the Intracranial Peripheral Arteries Using N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate Glue: A Case Series.

Ruptured aneurysms in peripheral arteries are rare, and an optimal treatment strategy has not yet been established. Herein, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of endovascular treatment of peripheral aneurysms located in small, tortuous vessels. In the present study, we report five consecutive cases of small, peripherally located ruptured aneurysms successfully embolized using N-butyl cyanoacrylate glue, with or without the adjunct use of coils.

Potential of the Thoracoepigastric Vein as a Drainage Vein in Breast Reconstruction With a Free Flap: An Anatomical Study Using Computed Tomography.

Background: The recipient vessel choice is very important when performing free-flap breast reconstructions. Usually, the concomitant vein of the recipient artery is anastomosed, and mismatches in the diameter are occasionally observed. We consider the thoracoepigastric vein (TEV) as a potential useful recipient vein.

The Potential Role of Preoperative Posterior Cerebral Artery Involvement in Predicting Postoperative Transient Neurological Deficits and Ischemic Stroke After Indirect Revascularization in Patients With Moyamoya Disease.

Objective: Transient neurological deficits (TNDs) are known to develop after direct bypass for Moyamoya disease and may be risk factors for subsequent stroke. However, the factors involved in the development of TNDs and stroke after indirect revascularization alone, including their association with subsequent stroke, remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate this issue.

Development and validation of machine learning models to predict postoperative infarction in moyamoya disease.

Objective: Cerebral infarction is a common complication in patients undergoing revascularization surgery for moyamoya disease (MMD). Although previous statistical evaluations have identified several risk factors for postoperative brain ischemia, the ability to predict its occurrence based on these limited predictors remains inadequately explored. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of machine learning algorithms for predicting cerebral infarction after revascularization surgery in patients with MMD.

Safety of antiplatelet therapy during the perioperative period of revascularization surgery for moyamoya disease patients with ischemic onset.

For patients with moyamoya disease, antiplatelet agents are often used during the perioperative periods of revascularization surgeries to prevent ischemic events. However, antiplatelet therapy is associated with the risk of hemorrhagic complications. Further, the influence of antiplatelet therapy on perioperative ischemic or hemorrhagic complications has not been investigated.

Long-term results of nail correction with double wires for pincer nail deformity: A retrospective cohort study.

There is no consensus on the best treatment for pincer nail deformity. We developed a novel procedure that uses double wires to treat pincer nail deformity on the great toe. This study aimed to describe this technique for pincer nail deformity treatment and present the long-term findings/observations.

Development of machine learning models for predicting unfavorable functional outcomes from preoperative data in patients with chronic subdural hematomas.

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) often causes neurological deterioration and is treated with hematoma evacuation. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of various machine learning models to preoperatively predict the functional outcome of patients with CSDH. Data were retrospectively collected from patients who underwent CSDH surgery at two institutions: one for internal validation and the other for external validation.

Transvenous embolization via the facial vein for intraorbital dural arteriovenous fistula: illustrative case.

Background: Intraorbital arteriovenous fistula (IOAVF) is a rare type of intracranial fistula that presents with ocular signs similar to those of cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula. The treatment of IOAVF is based on the vascular architecture of each case due to its infrequent occurrence. The authors report the case of an IOAVF that was successfully treated with embolization via the facial vein, with good outcomes.

The Dynamic Lymphaticovenular Anastomosis for Breast Cancer-related Lymphedema without Compression: Salvaging Lymphedema Patients Who Lost Conservative Treatment Opportunity.

Unlabelled: In conservative treatment for breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL), compression therapy has a crucial role. However, some BCRL patients are unable to use compression, and then their lymphedema continues to worsen as they miss treatment opportunity. Although lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) is an effective and minimally invasive surgical treatment for BCRL, compression therapy is still important to enhance lymphatic fluid flow in LVA.

Complex aneurysm formation in the proximal segment of the posterior cerebral artery: a report of two cases.

Posterior cerebral artery (PCA) aneurysms are rare and often fusiform. We describe two cases of complex proximal PCA aneurysm in two women in their 60's, which probably resulted from segmental arterial degeneration. Both presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and had common angiographic and intraoperative findings: tortuous configuration of the affected P1 segment, whitish or yellowish appearance of a portion of the lesion, lesion calcification, and multiple aneurysms in the segment.

Effects of superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery bypass on postoperative infarction rates among young children (≤ 5 years old) with moyamoya disease.

Revascularization surgery for young children with moyamoya disease (MMD) is challenging. Although indirect revascularization is preferred because of the technical difficulty in direct anastomosis, higher risks of postoperative infarction remain a problem. We aimed to investigate the effect of superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass on postoperative outcomes during the acute postoperative period in young children ≤ 5 years old with MMD.

CD79B Y196 mutation is a potent predictive marker for favorable response to R-MPV in primary central nervous system lymphoma.

Background: Rituximab, high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX), procarbazine and vincristine (R-MPV), has significantly prolonged the survival of patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), but predictive factors for response to R-MPV have not yet been investigated. Herein, we investigated the correlation of MYD88 L265P and CD79B Y196 mutations, which are the most frequently found molecular alterations in PCNSL, with prognosis of patients with PCNSL treated with R-MPV.

Methods: We investigated the long-term clinical course and status of MYD88 and CD79B genes in 85 patients with PCNSL treated with R-MPV or HD-MTX treatment, and the correlation of these genetic mutations with prognosis.

Increased cerebrospinal fluid S100B protein levels in patients with trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm.

Background: The pathophysiology of neurovascular compression syndrome has not been fully elucidated, and cerebrospinal fluid levels of nerve tissue-related markers involved in this disorder have not yet been reported.

Methods: We measured cerebrospinal fluid levels of S100B protein, neuron-specific enolase, and myelin basic protein in 21 patients with trigeminal neuralgia, 9 patients with hemifacial spasms, and 10 patients with non-ruptured intracranial aneurysms (control). Cerebrospinal fluid levels of these markers were determined using commercially available assay kits.

The preoperative focal cerebral blood flow status may be associated with slow flow in the bypass graft after combined surgery for moyamoya disease.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between early postoperative slow flow in bypass grafts and preoperative focal cerebral blood flow (CBF) in patients who underwent combined surgery for moyamoya disease (MMD).

Methods: The subjects were 18 patients (22 surgeries) who underwent single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) before surgery. The CBF value of the middle cerebral artery territory was extracted from the SPECT data, and the value relative to the ipsilateral cerebellar CBF (relative CBF, or RCBF) was calculated.

Surgical disconnection of a hypoglossal canal dural arteriovenous fistula demonstrating rapid progression of medulla oblongata disturbance: illustrative case.

Background: Dural arteriovenous fistulas of the hypoglossal canal (HCDAVFs) with dominant drainage to perimedullary veins are extremely rare. These patients are prone to develop slow and progressive myelopathy, however, their clinical course has not been fully elucidated. We report an unusual case of HCDAVF in which the patient demonstrated rapid progression of hemiplegia and respiratory insufficiency.

Combined Transcranial-endonasal Reconstructive Surgery for Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage Resulting from Traumatic Anterior Skull Base Fractures Involving the Parasellar Region.

Extensive traumatic anterior skull base fractures from the frontal sinus to the parasellar region are frequently accompanied by multiple dural defects that cause persistent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage. Conventional transcranial reconstruction using a frontal periosteal flap is frequently insufficient, and parasellar dural defects are often deep, complex, and difficult to identify. In this report, we describe a combined transcranial-endonasal reconstructive technique and report our experience.

Preventive Effect of Bypass Surgery on Rebleeding in Patients with Hemorrhagic Twiglike Middle Cerebral Artery.

Background: Aplastic or twiglike middle cerebral artery (Ap/T-MCA) is a rare cerebrovascular anomaly correlated to stroke. The most common characteristic of the disease is intracerebral hemorrhage. However, treatment measures that can prevent rebleeding have not yet been established.

Non-brain-exposure Exoscopic and Endoscopic Volume Reduction Surgery for Benign Meningioma En Plaque in an Elderly Patient: A Case Report.

Meningioma en plaque (MEP) often needs invasive surgery to resect totally because of its widespread proliferation along the dura mater. We report a minimally invasive surgical technique for non-brain-exposure exoscopic and endoscopic volume reduction in an elderly patient with MEP. An 83-year-old woman presented with gait disturbance and cognitive dysfunction that had progressed over 6 months.

Extensive Lung Resection for Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease With Multilobar Lesions.

Background: Nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease often spreads to multiple lobes, and extensive lung resection (ELR) is sometimes required to control the disease. The safety and feasibility of ELR for nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease remain unclear, however.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease who underwent adjuvant lung resection.

Long-term Outcomes of Carotid Artery Stenting: A Single-center Experience.

The long-term prophylactic effect of carotid artery stenting (CAS) remains incompletely elucidated. We evaluated outcomes of CAS at our institution to determine the safety and efficacy of CAS in real-world settings. We retrospectively analyzed 73 patients who underwent CAS from 2006 to 2013.

Clinical Significance of Various Drug-Sensitivity Markers in Patients with Surgically Resected Pulmonary Pleomorphic Carcinoma.

Various drug-sensitivity markers are potentially responsible for tumor progression and chemotherapy resistance in cancer patients with both epithelial and sarcomatous components; however, the clinicopathological significance of drug-sensitivity markers in patients with pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma (PPC) remains unknown. Here, we clarified the prognostic impact of these drug-sensitivity markers in PPC by performing immunohistochemical and clinicopathologic analyses of samples from 105 patients with surgically resected PPC in order to evaluate levels of vascular endothelial growth factor 2 (VEGFR2), stathmin 1 (STMN1), tubulin β3 class III (TUBB3), thymidylate synthetase (TS), topoisomerase II (Topo-II), glucose-regulated protein, and 78 kDa (GRP78)/binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP). We observed the rates of high expression for VEGFR2, STMN1, TUBB3, TS, Topo-II, and GRP78/BiP were 33% (39/105), 35% (37/105), 61% (64/105), 51% (53/105), 31% (33/105), and 51% (53/105) of the samples, respectively.