Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein Concentration in Healthy Older Japanese Volunteers.

The concentration of cerebrospinal fluid total protein (CSF-TP) is important for the diagnosis of neurological emergencies. Recently, some Western studies have shown that the current upper reference limit of CSF-TP is quite low for older patients. However, little is reported about the concentration of CSF-TP in the older Asian population.

Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug Interactions Between Vonoprazan and Low-Dose Aspirin or Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs: A Phase 2, Open-Label, Study in Healthy Japanese Men.

Background: Gastroprotective agents are recommended for patients receiving low-dose aspirin (LDA) or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Vonoprazan is a potassium-competitive acid blocker recently approved for the prevention of peptic ulcer recurrence in patients receiving LDA or NSAIDs.

Methods: This phase 2, open-label, single-center study in healthy Japanese males evaluated drug-drug interactions between vonoprazan 40 mg and LDA (100 mg) or NSAIDs [loxoprofen sodium (60 mg), diclofenac sodium (25 mg), or meloxicam (10 mg)] and vice versa.

Effect of Duloxetine on Urethral Resting Pressure and on Sphincter Contractility in Response to Coughing and Magnetic Stimulation in Healthy Women.

Objectives: As a proof-of-mechanism (POM) study of drugs developed to treat stress urinary incontinence (SUI) has not been conducted, this urodynamic study in healthy women was performed to determine an appropriate method to confirm POM, and to evaluate the effect of duloxetine, a serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, on urethral resting pressure and on sphincter contractility in response to coughing and magnetic stimulation.

Methods: The urethral pressure profiles at rest, during coughing and during sacral root magnetic stimulation (SMS), and the motor threshold (MT) for urethral sphincter contraction in response to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) were measured before and 6 h after the administration of 40 mg duloxetine in 10 healthy female subjects.

Results: Oral administration of duloxetine significantly increased the mean and maximal urethral closure pressures at rest over the proximal and middle third of the urethra.

A comparison of the expression and contractile function of α1-adrenoceptors in seminal vesicle and vas deferens from normotensive and hypertensive rats.

Because hypertension related alterations occur in the properties of α(1)-adrenoceptor in several mammalian tissues and hypertension may impact ejaculatory function, we investigated hypertension related alterations in the functional, biochemical and molecular properties of α(1)-adrenoceptor in the rat seminal vesicle and vas deferens. Spontaneous seminal emission in male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats was studied during the 3-day observation period. The characteristics of α(1)-adrenoceptor in the seminal vesicle and epididymal and prostatic portion of vas deferens of the two strains were determined using an isolated muscle bath, radioligand receptor binding and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction techniques.

Effects of age and hypertension on α1-adrenoceptors in the major source arteries of the rat bladder and penis.

α(1)-Adrenoceptors regulate blood pressure, regional vascular resistance and tissue blood flow. As aging and hypertension may impact pelvic arterial blood flow resulting in bladder and penile dysfunction, we investigated effects of age and hypertension on α(1)-adrenoceptors in the major source arteries of the rat bladder and penis. Using radioligand receptor binding, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and fluorescent microsphere infusion techniques, we compared 3 and 22-month-old male Fischer rats, and male normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs).

Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, tolerability, and safety of exenatide in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

In this single-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled study, the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, tolerability, and safety of subcutaneous exenatide were evaluated in 40 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Patients were allocated to 4 groups and randomized to receive exenatide (n = 8/group) or placebo (n = 2/group), with all receiving placebo on day 1. On day 2, patients received single-dose exenatide (2.

Effect of high beta-glucan barley on serum cholesterol concentrations and visceral fat area in Japanese men--a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.

This study investigated whether the consumption of a diet in which high-beta-glucan barley replaced rice would reduce the visceral fat area as well as the serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) in hypercholesterolemic Japanese men. A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled intervention study was conducted in 44 hypercholesterolemic Japanese men with a body mass index (BMI) >22 kg/m2. The subjects were randomly assigned to groups consuming either rice (placebo group) or a mixture of rice and pearl barley with a high beta-glucan content (test group, 7.