Rare toxin A-negative and toxin B-positive strain of Clostridioides difficile from Japan lacking a complete tcdA gene.

Introduction: Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) produces three kinds of toxins: toxin A (enterotoxin), toxin B (cytotoxin), and C. difficile transferase (CDT), a binary toxin.

Pathogenicity Characterization of Prevalent-Type subsp. Strains.

subsp. (SDSE) is an emerging human pathogen that causes severe invasive streptococcal diseases. Recent reports have shown that SDSE exhibits high pathogenicity with different mechanisms from that of , although the two streptococci possess some common virulence factors such as streptolysin, streptokinase, and cell-binding proteins.