Efficacy and safety of breast milk eye drops in infants with eye discharge.

Aim: Breast milk (BM) contains various protective components, such as immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, lysozyme, oligosaccharides and immune cell subsets. We evaluated the effectiveness of BM eye drops in infants with eye discharge in a randomised controlled study.

Methods: Subjects were breastfed infants aged ≤180 days, with eye discharge.

Relation of the Timing of Onset of Rhinitis and Cough to Asthma Attack in Children.

If the risk of progression to asthma could be predicted in patients with rhinitis, prevention of asthma might become possible. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between the duration of rhinitis symptoms and acute asthma attacks in children with a history of asthma who were not on treatment for asthma. In 94 children with a history of asthma who were asymptomatic after completing asthma treatment, we investigated the onset and duration of nasal discharge and cough related to allergic rhinitis.

Effectiveness of maternal influenza immunization in young infants in Japan.

Background: Infants with influenza, particularly those younger than 1 year of age, are at high risk of developing a severe case or of dying. Recently, owing to the spread of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended maternal immunization to reduce the risk of influenza infection in pregnant women and infants. Such reporting is rare in Japan.

Increase of child car seat temperature in cars parked in the outpatient parking lot.

Background: A guideline for the safe use of child car seats (CS) was published by the Japan Pediatric Society in 2008. There have been few studies of the increase of temperature of a CS in parked cars. The aim of this study was to determine the change in the temperature of the CS in cars parked in full sun.

Effect of oral sodium cromoglycate in 2 children with food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA).

Unlabelled: Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) was prevented from recurring in 2 children by sodium cromoglycate (SCG) before intake of the causative food. CASE 1: A 14-year-old girl who had suffered recurrent symptoms of anaphylaxis when she exercised after lunch. Radioallergosorbent test (RAST) was 1.

Association between the frequency of disposable diaper changing and urinary tract infection in infants.

Background: Often diapers are not changed after infants pass urine.

Aim: To define the association between the frequency of changing diapers and urinary tract infection (UTI) in infants.

Methods: Urine samples were tested in 131 infants (aged from 2 months to 2.

Improved antibody responses in infants less than 1 year old using intradermal influenza vaccination.

Background: Antibody response to influenza vaccine is limited in early. Infants have poorer hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody responses than 12-month-old. Intradermal administration reportedly elicited immune responses similar to or better than a standard intramuscular dose.