Heat-treated and/or lysozyme-treated (FK-23) improves the progression of renal disease in a unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury rat model.

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing owing to the elderly population. Here, we investigated the effects of heat-treated (FK-23) and lysozyme-treated FK-23 (LFK) on the progression of CKD in rats. A CKD model was established using male Wistar rats by subjecting them to right nephrectomy (1K), followed by ischemia and reperfusion (IR).

Escherichia coli-Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles Relay Inflammatory Responses to Macrophage-Derived Exosomes.

Extracellular vesicles are considered to be an inflammatory factor in several acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. The present study shows that exosomes from macrophages (Mφ) infected with live Escherichia coli induced secretion of proinflammatory factors by uninfected Mφ. Inflammatory responses induced by exosomes derived from Mφ infected with heat-inactivated E.

Effects of High-Intensity Anaerobic Exercise on the Scavenging Activity of Various Reactive Oxygen Species and Free Radicals in Athletes.

High-intensity exercise in athletes results in mainly the production of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) in skeletal muscle, and thus athletes should maintain greater ROS scavenging activity in the body. We investigated the changes in six different ROS-scavenging activities in athletes following high-intensity anaerobic exercise. A 30-s Wingate exercise test as a form of high-intensity anaerobic exercise was completed by 10 male university track and field team members.

Singlet oxygen from endoperoxide initiates an intracellular reactive oxygen species release in HaCaT keratinocytes.

Singlet oxygen (‍O) is a selective intermediate reactive oxygen species generated naturally in biological systems by light- and non-light mediated processes. Although ‍O plays an important role in cell signaling and in maintaining homeostasis, it can be toxic due to its ability to diffuse across considerable distances. Several studies have investigated the pathways by which ‍O mediates oxidation of biological molecules and potential pathogenesis.

Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis model by small amount of lipopolysaccharide in rats.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a chronic and progressive lung disease with poor prognosis, presents with acute exacerbation. Pathophysiology and treatments for this acute exacerbation, and an appropriate animal model to perform such examinations, have not established yet. We presented a rat model for assessing acute exacerbation in cases of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Food additive-induced oxidative stress in rat male reproductive organs and hippocampus.

As currently defined, the exposome represents the lifetime exposure measure of an individual to all potential external genetic influences and their impact on health. Although intentionally added chemicals (e.g.

TGF-β1-driven reduction of cytoglobin leads to oxidative DNA damage in stellate cells during non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

Background & Aims: Cytoglobin (CYGB) is a respiratory protein that acts as a scavenger of reactive oxygen species. The molecular role of CYGB in human hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and human liver disease remains uncharacterised. The aim of this study was to reveal the mechanism by which the TGF-β1/SMAD2 pathway regulates the human CYGB promoter and the pathophysiological function of CYGB in human non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

Effects of Bisphenol A on Oxidative Stress in the Rat Brain.

We investigated the effect of bisphenol A (BPA) on oxidative stress and tau-related proteins in adult rat brains. BPA (10 mg/L) was administered to rats for eight weeks through their drinking water. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity for hydroxyl radicals in the plasma was reduced after two weeks.

Histidine and arginine modulate intestinal cell restitution via transforming growth factor-β.

Intestinal wound healing depends on the precise balance of restitution, proliferation, and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). In a previous study, we revealed that IEC proliferation was suppressed under histidine deficiency. However, the role of histidine in cell restitution is poorly understood.

Pirfenidone suppresses polarization to M2 phenotype macrophages and the fibrogenic activity of rat lung fibroblasts.

Pirfenidone is a representative medication to treat interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Researchers reported pirfenidone (>100 µg/ml) significantly suppressed fibroblast growth . However, clinically, the maximum concentration of pirfenidone in the blood is approximately 10 µg/ml.

Red ginseng extracts attenuate skin inflammation in atopic dermatitis through p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase activation.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory skin disease with increased immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. Activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) signaling is known to occur in the inflammatory regions of AD skin. We previously demonstrated that red ginseng extract (RGE), as an anti-inflammatory agent, had potential for treating AD.

S-allyl-glutathione improves experimental liver fibrosis by regulating Kupffer cell activation in rats.

S-allyl-glutathione (SAG) is one of the metabolites of diallyl sulfide (DAS), a component of garlic. DAS has shown preventative effects on carcinogenesis in animal models. However, whether synthetic SAG can improve liver fibrosis has not been investigated.

Carbon monoxide-releasing molecule, CORM-3, modulates alveolar macrophage M1/M2 phenotype in vitro.

Alveolar macrophages are key contributors to both the promotion and resolution of inflammation in the lung and are categorized into pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes. The change in M1/M2 balance has been reported in various pulmonary diseases and is a target for therapeutic intervention. The aim of this study was to assess the modulation of M1/M2 phenotype in alveolar macrophages by water-soluble carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-3 (CORM-3).

Attenuation of Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats with S-Allyl Cysteine.

Pulmonary fibrosis is a complex disease with high mortality and morbidity. As there are currently no effective treatments, development of new strategies is essential for improving therapeutic outcomes. -allyl cysteine (SAC) is a constituent of aged garlic extract that has demonstrated efficacy as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent.

Chasing great paths of Helmut Sies "Oxidative Stress".

Prof. Dr. Helmut Sies is a pioneer of "Oxidative Stress", and has published over 18 papers with the name of "Oxidative Stress" in the title.

Therapeutic administration of an ingredient of aged-garlic extracts, S-allyl cysteine resolves liver fibrosis established by carbon tetrachloride in rats.

S-allyl cysteine (SAC) is the most abundant compound in aged garlic extracts (AGEs). AGE has been reported to ameliorate the oxidative damage implicated in a variety of diseases. However, the effects of SAC have not been established in liver cirrhosis.

A mitochondrial superoxide theory for oxidative stress diseases and aging.

Fridovich identified CuZnSOD in 1969 and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in 1973, and proposed "the Superoxide Theory," which postulates that superoxide (O2 (•-)) is the origin of most reactive oxygen species (ROS) and that it undergoes a chain reaction in a cell, playing a central role in the ROS producing system. Increased oxidative stress on an organism causes damage to cells, the smallest constituent unit of an organism, which can lead to the onset of a variety of chronic diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other neurological diseases caused by abnormalities in biological defenses or increased intracellular reactive oxygen levels. Oxidative stress also plays a role in aging.

S-allyl cysteine ameliorates the quality of sperm and provides protection from age-related sperm dysfunction and oxidative stress in rats.

Reactive oxygen species play a central role in the pathophysiology of the age-related decrease in male fertility. It has been reported that the total protein of DJ-1 was decreased in a proteomic analysis of seminal plasma from asthenozoospermia patients and a DJ-1 protein acts as a sensor of cellular redox homeostasis. Therefore, we evaluated the age-related changes in the ratio of the oxidized/reduced forms of the DJ-1 protein in the epididymis.

S-Allyl cysteine improves nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats via regulation of hepatic lipogenesis and glucose metabolism.

It is important to prevent and improve diabetes mellitus and its complications in a safe and low-cost manner. S-Allyl cysteine, an aged garlic extract with antioxidant activity, was investigated to determine whether S-allyl cysteine can improve type 2 diabetes in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats and age-matched Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka rats were used and were divided into two groups at 29 weeks of age.

Suppression of indomethacin-induced apoptosis in the small intestine due to Bach1 deficiency.

BTB and CNC homologue 1 (Bach1) is a transcriptional repressor of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). This study hypothesized that Bach1 plays an important role in the indomethacin-induced apoptosis in the case of small-intestinal mucosal injury. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 (wild-type) and homozygous Bach1-deficient C57BL/6 mice were included in this study.

Generation of reactive oxygen species in sperms of rats as an earlier marker for evaluating the toxicity of endocrine-disrupting chemicals.

Bisphenol A (BPA) and diethylstilbestrol (DES) have been reported to cause sperm toxicity. To identify an earlier marker of toxicity of environmental substances or food additives, this study determined whether the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in sperms could serve as indices for the prediction of sperm toxicity and quality. Male Wistar rats were given drinking water containing various doses of BPA or DES for 8 weeks.

Coadministration of carvedilol attenuates nitrate tolerance by preventing cytochrome p450 depletion.

Background: Long-term administration of nitroglycerin (NTG) causes tolerance secondary to increased vascular formation of reactive oxygen species. Carvedilol, which has potent antioxidant activity in addition to functioning as an adrenergic blocker, prevents nitrate tolerance by a still to be elucidated mechanism. The present study investigated how carvedilol attenuates nitrate tolerance, particularly with reference to cytochrome P450 (CYP), an enzyme involved in the development of tolerance.

Iron restriction improves type 2 diabetes mellitus in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty rats.

Accumulating evidence suggests that alcohol, hepatitis C virus infection, steatosis with obesity, and insulin resistance are accompanied by iron overload states. Phlebotomy and oral iron chelators are effective treatments for these conditions and for hemochromatosis. However, the mechanisms by which iron depletion improves clinical factors remain unclear.