[Intestinal malrotation accompanied by a right paraduodenal hernia in an adult: a case report].

A 72-year-old woman was admitted to our department in March 2020 for an evaluation of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, liver dysfunction, and hypokalemia, which had persisted intermittently since 2013. Thickening of the descending duodenal wall and a sac-like appearance the intestinal tract in the vicinity of the duodenal papilla were observed in abdominal computed tomography. No duodenojejunal curvature, with two intestinal loops identified in the descending region, was detected in contrast-enhanced upper gastrointestinal imaging.

Bladder outlet obstruction disrupts circadian bladder function in mice.

The circadian clock programs daily rhythms and coordinates multiple behavioural processes, including micturition. Partial bladder outlet obstruction (pBOO) in mice produces hyperactive voiding. However, long-term effects of pBOO on bladder function have not been clarified.

Lower urinary tract function improves after laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy for elderly patients with pelvic organ prolapse.

Objectives: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is relatively common in the elderly population. Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (LSC) has been reported by several studies to be a less invasive treatment option as compared to open sacrocolpopexy. However, almost all prior reports focused on the complications or surgical obstacles.

Dopaminergic urethral closure mechanisms in a rat model of Parkinson's disease.

Aims: Urinary incontinence is prevalent among patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). In the present study, we investigated urethral functions in a rat model of PD induced by 6-hydroxydopamine injection at their substantia nigra pars compacta as well as the roles of selective agonists/antagonist of dopamine D1- and D2-like receptors in active urethral closure mechanisms.

Methods: We measured changes in the urethral pressure amplitude during electrical stimulation, urethral baseline pressure, and leak point pressure after intravenous administration of selective agonists or antagonists of the dopamine D1- and D2-like receptors in a rat model of PD.

Risk factors affecting post-pubertal high serum follicle-stimulating hormone in patients with hypospadias.

Purpose: The factors affecting spermatogenesis in adulthood in patients with hypospadias (HS) are not clearly understood. In the present study, risk factors affecting post-pubertal high serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were evaluated in patients with HS.

Materials And Methods: Among those with a history of HS surgery, patients in whom endocrinological evaluation regarding pituitary-gonadal axis was performed at 15 years of age or older between March 2004 and April 2018 were enrolled in the present study.

Prevalence and risk factors of testicular microlithiasis in patients with hypospadias: a retrospective study.

Background: It has been described that the incidence of testicular microlithiasis is high in several congenital disorders which may be associated with testicular impairment and infertility. Several reports have shown that a prepubertal or pubertal hormonal abnormality in the pituitary-gonadal axis was identified in some patients with hypospadias that is one of the most common disorders of sex development. However, exact prevalence or risk factors of testicular microlithiasis in patients with hypospadias have not reported so far.

Medium-term follow-up after supervised pelvic floor muscle training for patients with anterior vaginal wall prolapse.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine changes in quality of life, urogenital symptoms, and adherence to pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in the medium term.

Study Design: The present study conducted a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study design. Of 29 participants in 4-month supervised PFMT, 27 completed all assessments in a follow-up study.

Long-term Outcome of Adenosine A2A Receptor Antagonist on Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Male Parkinson Disease Patients.

Objectives: In addition to motor symptoms, bladder dysfunction is a major clinical issue in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Istradefylline is adenosine A2A receptor antagonist approved for PD patients with wearing-off symptoms. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term effects of istradefylline on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs) in PD patients.

Effect of a 5-HT2c receptor agonist on urethral closure mechanisms in female rats.

Aims: The serotonin (5-HT2c) receptor is known to be involved in the mechanism of urethral closure in a model of stress incontinence. Lorcaserin (Belviq®) has received Food and Drug Administration approval for the treatment of obesity. However, it is unclear whether this selective 5-HT2c receptor agonist enhances urethral closure in stress urinary incontinence (SUI) models.

Contrast uptake in primary hepatic angiosarcoma on gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in the hepatobiliary phase.

Primary hepatic angiosarcoma is the most common malignant mesenchymal tumor of the liver. It has a poor prognosis and various appearances on magnetic resonance (MR) images. We report a case of hepatic angiosarcoma with a characteristic appearance on gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced MR imaging in the hepatobiliary phase.

Impact of Preoperative Ultrasonographic Evaluation for Detection of a Viable Testis in Patients With a Unilateral Nonpalpable Testis.

Objectives: To investigate the impact of preoperative ultrasonography (US) for detecting a viable testis in patients with a unilateral nonpalpable testis.

Methods: Patients with a unilateral nonpalpable testis or unilateral palpable undescended testis who underwent preoperative US were enrolled. Patients were divided into 3 groups as follows: nonpalpable testis/no testis (n = 27), which included patients who had a unilateral nonpalpable testis with no viable testis detected at surgery; nonpalpable testis/viable testis (n = 10), which included patients who had a unilateral nonpalpable testis with a viable testis identified at surgery; and palpable undescended testis (n = 63), which included patients who had a unilateral palpable undescended testis.

Benefits and limitations of animal models in partial bladder outlet obstruction for translational research.

The functions of the lower urinary tract have been investigated for more than a century. Lower urinary tract symptoms, such as incomplete bladder emptying, weak urine stream, daytime urinary frequency, urgency, urge incontinence and nocturia after partial bladder outlet obstruction, is a frequent cause of benign prostatic hyperplasia in aging men. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms have not been fully elucidated.

A case of gastric lipoma resected by endoscopic submucosa dissection with difficulty in preoperative diagnosis.

A 66-year-old man was referred to our hospital with an increasing subepithelial lesion in the gastric antrum. Using esophagogastroduodenoscopy, a tumor with a steep, 20-mm-high rise protruding in the lumen was observed. The mucosal surface of the tumor was reddish, with ulcers forming at the base.

Utility of magnetic resonance elastography for predicting ascites in patients with chronic liver disease.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the utility of magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) as a non-invasive method for predicting ascites in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD).

Methods: A total of 208 CLD patients underwent MRE to measure liver stiffness (LS) at our institution from March 2013 to June 2015. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of MRE for predicting the presence of ascites using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and compared the performance with that of serum fibrosis markers.

Prevalence and Chronological Changes of Testicular Microlithiasis in Isolated Congenital Undescended Testes Operated On at Less Than 3 Years of Age.

Objective: To clarify the prevalence and chronological changes of testicular microlithiasis in isolated congenital undescended testes, retrospective chart review was performed.

Materials And Methods: Among children with palpable isolated undescended testes who underwent orchiopexy at less than 3 years of age between January 2009 and May 2016, those who had preoperative testicular ultrasonography were enrolled. Testicular microlithiasis was classified as limited or classic.

Laparoscopic ureterocalicostomy for ureteropelvic junction obstruction in a 10-year-old female patient: a case report.

Background: Ureterocalicostomy is indicated mainly in cases with failed pyeloplasty or with a completely intrarenal pelvis. While there have been several case series reported in adults, laparoscopic ureterocalicostomy in pediatric cases has rarely been reported. We report a case of pure laparoscopic ureterocalicostomy for ureteropelvic junction obstruction in an Asian female child.

Prevalence of and risk factors for symptomatic urinary tract infection after endoscopic incision for the treatment of ureterocele in children.

Objective: To clarify the impact of endoscopic incision (EI) for ureterocele as an initial procedure, by performing a retrospective chart review, focusing on the prevalence of and risk factors for symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) after EI.

Materials And Methods: In the present study we included children with ureterocele, managed between September 1994 and April 2016, who were observed conservatively without additional surgical management after EI. Ureterocele was categorized as intravesical or ectopic.

Spontaneous Shrinkage of Testicular Teratoma in a Prepubertal Child.

Limited numbers of pediatric intratesticular cystic lesions have been reported. Although the majority of pediatric intratesticular cystic masses are benign, natural history of testicular cystic lesion in children has been rarely reported so far. We report a case of intratesticular cystic lesion in a prepubertal child who underwent testis sparing surgery after shrinkage during conservative follow-up.

Radical prostatectomy restores detrusor contraction pattern according to pressure flow parameters.

Objectives: Pressure flow studies are regarded as the gold standard for evaluating both bladder outlet obstruction and detrusor contractility, but none of the current methods for evaluating bladder contraction patterns are well validated. Impaired bladder contraction results in a lower peak Watts factor and poorly sustained detrusor contractions. From this viewpoint, the maximum Watts factor and its pattern should be considered separately.

Supraspinal Projection of Serotonergic and Noradrenergic Pathways Modulates Nociceptive Transmission in the Lower Urinary Tract of Rats.

Objectives: To investigate the effect of descending serotonergic and noradrenergic pathways on nociception in the lower urinary tract (LUT).

Methods: Female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Following intraperitoneal administration of Vehicle or Milnacipran (30 mg/kg), which is one of serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRI), 0.

Interleukin-21 plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and severity of type I autoimmune hepatitis.

Background And Aims: Recently, the number of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells expressing interleukin (IL)-21 was found to increase in peripheral blood of human and murine models of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). IL-21, the most recently discovered member of the type-I cytokine family, exerts various effects on the immune system, including B cell activation, plasma cell differentiation, and immunoglobulin production. We aimed to assess the relationship of serum IL-21 levels in patients with type I AIH with clinical and laboratory parameters and histology.

[A case of liver abscess with systemic infection caused by Fusobacterium].

A 43-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of an abnormal shadow on chest X-ray. Blood testing showed elevated levels of C-reactive protein and white blood cells. Computed tomography revealed multilocular masses of the right hepatic lobe, reticulonodular shadowing on both lungs, left kidney masses, and aortic arch aneurysm.

Long-term impact of unilateral hypo/dysplastic kidney in infants with primary vesicoureteral reflux.

Introduction: Renal abnormality is not a rare finding in infants with primary VUR. The pathophysiology of the renal abnormality is considered to be congenital or acquired. Congenital hypo/dysplastic kidney is a common finding in infants with primary VUR, especially in boys.

Drug-induced liver injury with autoimmune features complicated with hemophagocytic syndrome.

A 60-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with non-coma acute liver failure. Based on a 1-month history of supplement use, negative viral hepatitis markers, positive antinuclear antibody test, high IgG level, positive HLA-DR4, liver biopsy findings of centrizonal necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the portal area, she was diagnosed with drug-induced liver injury (DILI) with autoimmune features or the acute hepatitis phase of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Although her liver disorder was ameliorated by administration of prednisolone and plasma exchange, anemia and thrombocytopenia were observed during the course of treatment.

Reduced frontal activation during verbal fluency task in chronic hepatitis C patients with interferon-based therapy as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy.

Aim: Psychiatric side-effects are the main reason for discontinuation of interferon (IFN)-based therapy. Recent developments in near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) have enabled non-invasive clarification of brain functions in psychiatric disorders. We prospectively evaluated brain activation in 20 chronic hepatitis C patients with or without IFN-based therapy by using NIRS during a verbal fluency task (VFT).