Association Between Antidiabetic Drugs and Delirium: A Study Based on the Adverse Drug Event Reporting Database in Japan.

Background And Objective: Several associations between diabetes mellitus and delirium have been reported; however, they have been inconsistent, and evidence on the effects of antidiabetic medications on delirium is also limited. This study aimed to investigate whether the use of antidiabetic drugs is a risk factor for delirium development.

Methods: Using the Japanese Adverse Event Reporting Database, we analyzed 662,899 reports between 2004 and 2022.

Human Recombinant Lactoferrin Promotes Differentiation and Calcification on MC3T3-E1 Cells.

Lactoferrin (LF), known to be present in mammalian milk, has been reported to promote the proliferation of osteoblasts and suppress bone resorption by affecting osteoclasts. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of human sources LF on osteoblast differentiation have not yet been elucidated, and almost studies have used LF from bovine sources. The presented study aimed to characterize the molecular mechanisms of bovine lactoferrin (IF-I) and human recombinant lactoferrin (LF-II) on MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells.

Lactoferrin Suppresses Decreased Locomotor Activities by Improving Dopamine and Serotonin Release in the Amygdala of Ovariectomized Rats.

Background: Decreases in female hormones not only affect bone metabolism and decrease bone mass, but also affect the central nervous system, causing brain disorders such as depression and dementia. Administration of estradiol by hormone replacement therapy can improve dementia, while reduced estradiol in ovariectomized (OVX) model rats can reduce both bone density and locomotor activity. The antidepressant fluvoxamine, which is widely used in clinical practice, can improve this effect on locomotor reduction.

Modulation of osteoblast differentiation and bone mass by 5-HT2A receptor signaling in mice.

Recent studies reported that serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) may be an endogenous paracrine and/or autocrine factor that is used for intercellular communication in bone cells and between multiple organs regulating bone homeostasis. In the present study, we showed that the administration of MDL11939, a selective 5-HT2A receptor antagonist, reduced bone mass in mice. The loss of bone mass in MDL11939-treated mice was associated with impaired bone formation in vivo, as demonstrated by the lower expression of osterix (Osx) and osteocalcin than that in vehicle-treated mice.

Fluvoxamine moderates reduced voluntary activity following chronic dexamethasone infusion in mice via recovery of BDNF signal cascades.

Major depression is a complex disorder characterized by genetic and environmental interactions. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) effectively treat depression. Neurogenesis following chronic antidepressant treatment activates brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling.

Cancer of the small intestine in patients with Crohn's disease.

Due to an increase in the number of long-term cases of Crohn's disease, the risk of combined cancer in these patients has been assessed in numerous articles. Most of these reports have involved patients with cancer of the large intestine, while cases of cancer of the small intestine combined with Crohn's disease are very rare. We experienced two cases of cancer of the small intestine combined with Crohn's disease.

Vldlr overexpression causes hyperactivity in rats.

Background: Reelin regulates neuronal positioning in cortical brain structures and neuronal migration via binding to the lipoprotein receptors Vldlr and Lrp8. Reeler mutant mice display severe brain morphological defects and behavioral abnormalities. Several reports have implicated reelin signaling in the etiology of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders, including autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression.

The effect of lentinan combination therapy for unresectable advanced gastric cancer.

Background: Developed as a biological response modifier (BRM), lentinan mitigates patients' symptoms by boosting the immune system. In combination with S-1 (tegafur, gimeracil, oteracil), lentinan is reported to mitigate adverse reactions to therapy for unresectable recurrent gastric cancer and prolong survival. However, there are few reports from actual clinical practice, and precise methods of using lentinan have not yet been established.

Decreased voluntary activity and amygdala levels of serotonin and dopamine in ovariectomized rats.

Estrogen is involved in numerous activities in the brain, such as learning, memory, fear, anxiety and mood. However, little is known about the pathways involved in the effects of estrogen in the brain. Therefore, to improve our understanding of the effects of estrogen, we examined the effects of ovariectomy (OVX)-a model of estrogen deficiency and menopause-on psychiatric functions, including voluntary activity.

Clinical course of colorectal cancer in patients with ulcerative colitis.

Background: Colorectal cancer that develops as a complication of ulcerative colitis (UC) is a serious problem that affects the patient's prognosis. Such cancer is characterized by development at an early age, a high incidence of multiple tumors, poorly differentiated carcinoma and mucinous carcinoma. Special attention should therefore be paid to the diagnosis and treatment of such cancer.

Clinical features of and chemotherapy for cancer of the small intestine.

Background: Cancer of the small intestine is a rare disease, and its clinical features have not been clearly elucidated. Techniques such as double balloon endoscopy and capsule endoscopy allow the preoperative diagnosis of cancer of the small intestine, but this cancer is often detected at an advanced state and in many cases postoperative chemotherapy is required. This study evaluated the pre- and postoperative clinical course of cancer of the small intestine and the effectiveness of chemotherapy.

A study of the postoperative course in cases of GIST of the stomach. The efficacy of imatinib in cases of recurrence.

Background: The postoperative course of cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) of the stomach was studied in patients who underwent surgery in this Department. In addition, treatment with the molecular-targeted drug imatinib was studied in cases of recurrence.

Patients And Methods: We studied 40 cases with a diagnosis of GIST of the stomach where the patient subsequently underwent surgery in this Department between July 1985 (when this facility opened) and December 2007.

Infliximab treatment for anal fistula in patients with Crohn's disease.

Background: Infliximab has played a central role in the treatment of luminal Crohn's disease (CD) due to its great usefulness. Although the seton placement has been widely used for the treatment of anal fistula in patients with CD, we have used infliximab for severe cases in which improvement was not achievable by the seton placement, or for patients in whom improvement of quality of life (QOL) could be expected.

Patients And Methods: The anal region of 383 patients with CD was examined during the period from July 1985 to December 2005 and the presence of a lesion in the anal region was confirmed in 326 patients.

Study of colorectal cancer with Crohn's disease.

Background: Crohn's disease (CD) cases have been increasing and prolonged cases are now frequent. In addition, in Japan, more cases with concomitant malignant disease have also recently been reported. There is a particularly high risk of cancer occurring simultaneously in the lower rectum and the anal area.