Cross-sectional association of irregular dietary habits with glycemic control and body mass index among people with diabetes.

Aims/introduction: To determine the association of irregular dietary habits with HbA1c and body mass index (BMI) in people with diabetes.

Materials And Methods: We included 4,421 people with diabetes aged 20-74 years (type 1 diabetes (T1D), 19.1%) who answered a questionnaire at mealtime.

Effectiveness of insulin degludec/liraglutide versus insulin degludec/insulin aspart in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Aims: To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of once-daily insulin degludec/liraglutide (IDegLira) to that of once-daily insulin degludec/insulin aspart (IDegAsp) after switching from basal insulin therapy at 6 months by assessing changes in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), body weight, and insulin doses in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Materials And Methods: A total of 91 patients with T2D with HbA1c levels exceeding 7.0% were included in this study.

Association between changes in bodyweight and cardiovascular disease risk factors among obese Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Aims/introduction: We aimed to assess the association between bodyweight reduction and cardiovascular disease risk factors, and to identify the minimum bodyweight reduction associated with significant improvement in cardiovascular disease risk factors among obese Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: The cohort comprised 1,753 patients with type 2 diabetes and body mass index ≥25 kg/m , who visited our clinic between 2013 and 2016. Multivariable linear regression analysis was carried out to assess the relationship between bodyweight changes and glycated hemoglobin A1c, serum lipids and blood pressure.

Acute Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Exendin-4 in Ldlr and C57BL/6J Mice.

Aims: We previously reported that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) reduced serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving statins, which increased LDL receptor (LDLR) expression. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how much LDLR expression contributes to the LDL-C-lowering effect of GLP-1RAs. We examined the effect of a GLP-1RA, namely, exendin-4, on serum LDL-C levels and its mechanism in Ldlr and C57BL/6J mice.

Comparative clinical outcomes of insulin degludec and insulin glargine 300 U/mL after switching from other basal insulins in real-world patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Aims/introduction: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of insulin degludec (IDeg) and insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Gla300) 6 months after switching from other basal insulins by assessing the changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI), and insulin doses in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in a real-world clinical setting.

Materials And Methods: A total of 307 patients with type 1 diabetes and 294 patients with type 2 diabetes with HbA1c >7.0% were studied.

Endogenous testosterone reduces hepatic lipid accumulation in protein-restricted male rats.

Objectives: Protein deficiency is known to cause ectopic fat accumulation in the liver. The aim of this study was to analyse the mechanism of suppression of hepatic fat accumulation by testosterone and to clarify the mechanism behind the gender difference in fatty liver formation due to protein deficiency.

Methods: Hepatic fat accumulation due to protein deficiency was evaluated in male and female rats before and after sexual maturation.

Body Weight Reduction of 5% Improved Blood Pressure and Lipid Profiles in Obese Men and Blood Glucose in Obese Women: A Four-Year Follow-up Observational Study.

Body weight reduction (BWR) of at least 3% in obese Japanese individuals through lifestyle interventions has improved the risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to assess the relation between body weight change (BWC) and CVD risk change and to identify lifestyle improvement related to BWR in obese Japanese individuals. Subjects were 2579 health checkup examinees without medicated diabetes, hypertension or dyslipidemia, and a body mass index ≥25 kg/m who completed lifestyle questionnaires in 2008 and 2012.

Serum lipid management in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a hospital-based cohort study.

Introduction: Serum lipid management is important for patients with diabetes; however, it has not been examined in our specialized diabetes clinic.

Aims: The aim of the study was to assess the percentage of patients who did not achieve management targets (MT) for low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG), and explore factors related to failure to achieve lipid MT in Japanese patients with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 795 patients (35% men) with T1D and 4018 patients (60% men) with T2D attending our diabetes center.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists reduced the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with statins.

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often have hypercholesterolemia, and their serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels are not always well-controlled even by statin treatment. The glucose-lowering glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are reported to change the lipid profiles in T2DM patients, but their effects have been unclear.

Objective: We examined whether GLP-1RAs affect serum cholesterol levels in T2DM patients with/without statin treatment.

Diabetes diagnostic thresholds of the glycated hemoglobin A1c and fasting plasma glucose levels considering the 5-year incidence of retinopathy.

Aims: As retinopathy is used as a defining threshold of diabetes, we assessed the glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) values associated with an increased risk of 5-year incidence of retinopathy.

Methods: We studied HbA1c, FPG, and optic fundus findings of 2605 individuals without previously diagnosed diabetes annually during a 5-year period. Retinopathy was examined using non-mydriatic, 45° digital fundus photography.

Associations of HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose with incident diabetes: Implications for pre-diabetes thresholds in a Japanese population.

Aims: This study assessed pre-diabetes (pre-DM) cutoffs for HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) that were associated with an increased risk of incident DM.

Methods: We evaluated 2267 non-diabetic Japanese health-check examinees (HbA1c: <6.5% [<48mmol/mol] and FPG: <7.

Association of birthweight with diabetes and insulin sensitivity or secretion in the Japanese general population.

Aims/introduction: Low birthweight (birthweight <2,500 g) has been considered to be a risk factor for diabetes in data from Western countries, and its percentage is increasing in Japan. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between birth weight and diabetes, as well as both insulin resistance and secretion.

Materials And Methods: The participants were 847 adults who underwent health check-ups.

Three-year follow-up of lanthanum carbonate therapy in hemodialysis patients.

For 3 years following the start of lanthanum carbonate therapy, effects on other pharmaceutical treatment with sevelamer hydrochloride (SH), calcium carbonate (CC), and vitamin D, and those on clinical condition were examined. Dialysis patients with hyperphosphatemia (89 cases; average age 55.2 years; dialysis history of 10 years; 50 male and 39 female), who agreed to start lanthanum carbonate (LC) administration, were observed for a mean period of 32.

Healing of experimental apical periodontitis after apicoectomy using different sealing materials on the resected root end.

This study evaluated apical periodontal healing after root-end sealing using 4-META/MMA-TBB resin (SB), and root-end filling using reinforced zinc oxide eugenol cement (EBA) or mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) when root canal infection persisted. Apical periodontitis was induced in mandibular premolars of beagles by contaminating the root canals with dental plaque. After 1 month, in the SB group, SB was applied to the resected surface following apicoectomy.

Decreased expression of catalase mRNA in thyroid anaplastic carcinoma.

Background: A decreased expression of glutathione peroxidase mRNA, an antioxidant enzyme, was previously observed in thyroid anaplastic carcinomas.

Methods: To clarify the expression of antioxidant-related enzymes in thyroid anaplastic carcinomas, the expression levels of catalase, copper and zinc superoxide dismutase and manganese superoxide dismutase mRNA in 85 benign and malignant thyroid tissues were measured by means of real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

Results: Decreased expression levels of catalase and copper and zinc superoxide dismutase mRNAs, but not manganese mRNA, were observed in five anaplastic carcinomas compared with normal thyroid tissues and differentiated tumors.

Quantitative analysis of osteonectin mRNA in thyroid carcinomas.

Our recent study of the gene expression profile in thyroid carcinoma showed an overexpression of osteonectin mRNA, an extracellular matrix protein, in an anaplastic carcinoma. To confirm this, we measured the expression levels of osteonectin mRNA in 84 thyroid normal and tumor tissues, including five anaplastic carcinomas by realtime quantitative reverse-transcription PCR. Increased expression of osteonectin mRNA was observed in anaplastic carcinoma tissue.

Quantitative analysis of thymosin beta-10 messenger RNA in thyroid carcinomas.

Background: Genes that are differentially expressed in benign and malignant tissues are important for the establishment of molecular-based diagnosis of carcinomas. Our recent study on the gene expression profile of thyroid carcinomas revealed an increased expression of thymosin beta-10 mRNA.

Methods: To confirm this, we measured the expression levels of thymosin beta-10 mRNA in 84 thyroid benign and malignant thyroid tissues, including five anaplastic carcinomas, by means of real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

Decreased expression of glutathione peroxidase mRNA in thyroid anaplastic carcinoma.

Our recent study using serial analysis of gene expression show the decreased expression of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), an antioxidant enzyme, in an anaplastic carcinoma. To clarify the expression of GPx in various kinds of thyroid tumors, the expression levels of GPx mRNA in 79 benign and malignant thyroid tissues were measured by means of real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. A decreased expression of GPx mRNA was observed in all of five anaplastic carcinomas and some of the papillary carcinomas.