Brand strengthening decision making delved from brand-contacts in health services organizations.

Under the Japanese Government's strong enforcement of Japanese national medical cost reduction, only hospitals which emphasize patient values, and creation of brands according to them can survive. This study extracted patients' expectations as brand from Campbell's Brand-Contact lists. The authors also proposed to add Brand-strengthening strategies both for short-term strategies (large improvement is not required) and for long-term strategies (restructuring hardware and systems).

Revised sunflower-SHELL model--an analysis tool to ensure adverse-events' factor analysis and followed by patient safety strategy.

Background: The original SHELL model is specified for analyzing human errors. In addressing medical errors, medical systems should be targeted for improvement instead of blaming human errors. The Sunflower-SHELL model was made for patient-centered incident analysis.