Fish oil-containing edible films with active film incorporated with extract of leaves: preparation and characterization of double-layered edible film.

The utilization of zein and gum arabic has grown in an attempt to formulate wall materials based on protein-polysaccharide complexes. This mixture provides a versatile delivery system for hydrophilic (guava leaf extract, GLE) or lipophilic (fish oil, FO) bioactive compounds, and it can be used as an edible film-forming polymer. This study was undertaken to characterize FO-containing edible films that were double-layered with a film containing GLE.

Effect of 4 hydroxy fatty acids on lipid accumulation in the 3T3-L1 cells: a comparative study.

Notwithstanding the several investigations of the hydroxy fatty acids (hFAs)' physiological functions, studies focusing on their anti-obesity effects are limited. This study investigated the anti-obesity effects of 4 hFAs-10-hydroxy stearic acid (10-hSA), 12-hydroxy stearic acid (12-hSA), 9,12-hydroxy stearic acid (9,12-dhSA), and 12-hydroxy oleic acid (12-hOA)-on the 3T3-L1 cells. All hFAs suppressed lipid accumulation, with 10-hSA and 12-hOA exhibiting the strongest suppression, followed by 12-hSA and 9,12-hSA.

Disseminated histiocytic sarcoma in a squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus).

A 14-years-old squirrel monkey was euthanized due to weakness. Histopathological examination revealed multifocal growth of oval cells with severe atypia in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. The neoplastic cells were positive for histiocytic markers (Iba1, HLA-DR, CD204).

Predictive Factors for Successful Treatment of Deep Incisional Surgical Site Infections following Instrumented Spinal Surgeries: Retrospective Review of 1832 Cases.

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is a major complication in spinal instrumentation that is often difficult to treat. The purpose of this study was to identify and determine prognostic indicators for successful treatment of spine instrumentation SSI.

Methods: Retrospectively, spine surgery cases were examined on SSI diagnosis.

Antiadipogenic Effects of Different Molecular Forms of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on 3T3-L1 Cells: Comparison between Free Fatty Acid and Phosphatidylcholine Forms.

The antiadipogenic activity of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) in the form of phosphatidylcholine-bound (CLA-PC) or free fatty acids (FFA; CLA-FFA) was evaluated using 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Phosphatidylcholine from soya (soy-PC) was used as the comparison of PC form. Both the lipid accumulation and activity of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were measured to determine lipogenesis, whereas the glycerol content was measured to evaluate lipolysis.

Facile Preparation of Purified Sinapate Ethyl Ester from Rapeseed Meal Extracts Using Cation-exchange Resin in Dual Role as Adsorber and Catalyst.

In this study, cation-exchange resin was used to prepare an esterified antioxidant, sinapate ethyl ester (SE), using ethanolic extracts from rapeseed. A concentration of sinapic acid using the cation-exchange resin in 80% ethanol (aq) and subsequent interesterification of the extract in ethanol using the same resin afforded a product with a purity of 64 wt% and 100% of SE yield. Moreover, after purification using preparative thin-layer chromatography, almost 100 wt% purity was obtained.

The Enzymatic Preparation of Human Milk Fat Substitute Intermediate Rich in Palmitic Acid at sn-2 Position and Low-Unsaturated Fatty Acids at sn-1(3) Positions from Palm Oil Substrate.

The lipid products that consist of structured lipids rich in palmitic acid (16:0) at the sn-2 position of triacylglycerol (TAG) and rich in low-unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) (LUFAs), such as oleic acid; 18:1 and linoleic acid; 18:2 at the sn-1(3) positions, are useful intermediates for manufacturing human milk fat substitute (HMFS), which contains functional lipid components. In this study, the HMFS intermediate (HMFS-IM) was enzymatically prepared from palm oil without using other oil sources. First, the amount of 16:0 at the sn-2 position of TAG substrate was enhanced from 18.

Highly efficient preparation of 1-lysophosphatidylcholine via high proportion of Novozym® 435 (lipase B from )-catalyzed ethanolysis.

Efficient preparation methods for 1-lysophosphatidylcholine (1-LPC), a physiologically important compound, are lacking. Here, we established a method for 1-LPC preparation via Novozym® 435 (a lipase B from )-catalyzed ethanolysis. Novozym® 435 showed -1 regiospecificity to phosphatidylcholine, although it does not exhibit regiospecificity to triacylglycerol.

Effect of Molecular Form of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Oxidative Stability : Comparison of Triacylglycerol and Phosphatidylcholine Form.

The health benefits of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a functional lipid with anti-cancer, anti-obesity, and hypotensive activity, have garnered increasing attention. The current study was conducted to determine the oxidative stability of CLA in the form of triacylglycerol (CLA-TAG) and phosphatidylcholine (CLA-PC) at the sn-2 position. Oxidation was performed at 30°C or 40°C in the dark.

Enzymatic Preparation and Oxidative Stability of Human Milk Fat Substitute Containing Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Located at sn-2 Position.

The development of human milk fat substitutes (HMFSs), rich in palmitic acid (16:0) at the sn-2 position of triacylglycerol (TAG) and rich in unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) (oleic acid, 18:1 and linoleic acid, 18:2) at the sn-1(3) positions, has gained popularity. In this study, HMFSs containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) predominantly at the sn-2 position were prepared, and their oxidation stabilities were compared. First, a non-PUFA-containing HMFS (NP-HMFS) was produced by enzymatic reactions using Novozyme 435 and Lipozyme RM-IM as the enzymes and lard as the raw material.

A Patient with Pediatric Septic Arthritis of the Hip Complicated with Osteomyelitis Responds to Clindamycin.

A 5-year-old girl was referred to our institution with complaints of right hip pain and fever (39.0°C); blood tests and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed. Blood biochemical results revealed a high inflammatory reaction.

Preparation of Chiral Triacylglycerols, sn-POO and sn-OOP, via Lipase-mediated Acidolysis Reaction.

It is well known that lipases are useful tools for preparing various structured triacylglycerols (TAGs). However, the lipase-mediated preparation of chiral TAGs has never been reported. This study aimed to prepare chiral TAGs (viz.

Effects of Triacylglycerol Molecular Species on the Oxidation Behavior of Oils Containing α-Linolenic Acid.

Two kinds of oils, pure perilla oil and a blend of perilla oil with palm oil, and their enzymatically interesterified oils having the same fatty acid compositions but with different compositions of triacylglycerol (TAG) species, were studied. In particular, the effects of TAG molecular species on the oxidation resistance of oils containing α-linolenic acid (Ln) were investigated. The content of TAG binding to three Ln molecules (3Ln-TAG) was found to be different between perilla oil (38.

Enzymatic preparation of human milk fat substitutes and their oxidation stability.

Human milk fat substitutes (HMFSs), rich in palmitic acid (P) at the sn-2 position of triacylglycerol (TAG), were prepared from lard via Novozym435(®)- and Lipozyme RM-IM(®)-mediated two-step reactions. First, 2-palmitoyl monoacylglycerol (2-P-MAG, 90% purity) was prepared via Novozym435(®)mediated ethanolysis of lard. Then, 2-P-MAG, oleic acid (O), linoleic acid (L), and lard were dissolved in hexane and subjected to a Lipozyme RM-IM(®)-mediated reaction for HMFS preparation.

Lipase-catalyzed preparation of phospholipids containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from soy phospholipids.

To utilize n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) for a wide range of applications, we prepared phospholipids (PLs) containing PUFAs as constituent fatty acids (PUFA-PLs) via commercially available lipase OF-mediated transacylation with PL from soy (Soy-PL) and ethyl ester of PUFA (PUFA-Et). In a preliminary study to evaluate PUFA-incorporation (wt%) on phosphatidylcholine (PC), we observed that dehydration of Soy-PL is critical. PUFA-incorporation in PLs increased with acyl ratio and time.

Effects of antioxidants and additional emulsifiers on the stability of emulsified milk fat in the photo/radical oxidation system.

The effects of antioxidants on the oxidative deterioration of emulsified oils and fats differ depending on the oxidation conditions, oils and fats used, and type of emulsifier. In this study, milk fat was emulsified to obtain water-oil (O/W) emulsion using Tween20 as emulsifier. The antioxidative effects of several antioxidants with various lipophilic properties, such as δ-tocopherol (Toc), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), quercetin (Qu), green tea extract (GTE), and rooibos tea extract (RTE) were investigated, the effects of additional emulsifiers such as polyglycerol and sucrose esters of fatty acids on the oxidation stability of the emulsion were also investigated.

Extraction and characterization of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates from rape seed meal.

While some isothiocyanate (ITCs) are attractive targets for the agricultural and pharmaceutical industries, the presence of goitrin and ITCs has hampered the widespread utilization of rapeseed meal. ITCs are the products of the myrosinase-mediated hydrolysis of glucosinolate (GSLs). As such, a study was conducted in order to gain a better understanding into the identity of the GSLs contained in rapeseed meal.

Oxidation behavior of triacylglycerol containing conjugated linolenic acids in sn-1(3) or sn-2 position.

The location of unsaturated fatty acid in triacylglycerols (TAGs) affects their oxidative stability. Herein, we studied the effect of location of conjugated linolenic acids (CLNs) in TAGs on their oxidative stability. First, the TAGs containing CLNs at sn-1(3) and sn-2 positions, were enzymatically prepared via Lipozyme RM-IM (immobilized Rhizomucor miehei lipase)-mediated acidolysis- and contained ca.

Analysis of predisposing factors in elderly people with type II odontoid fracture.

Background Context: Type II odontoid fracture is the most frequent individual fracture in elderly people. An older person usually sustains a Type II odontoid fracture in a fall from standing or a seated height. A relationship between osteoarthritis in the upper cervical spine and Type II odontoid fracture has been reported.

Characterization of calcium ion sensitive region for β-mannanase from Streptomyces thermolilacinus.

Despite the widespread industrial applications of β-mannanase, the relations between the enzymatic properties and metal ions remain poorly understood. To elucidate the effects of metal ions on β-mannanase, thermal stability and hydrolysis activity were characterized. The stman and tfman genes encoding β-mannanase (EC.

Clinical features of the extension teardrop fracture of the axis: review of 13 cases.

Object: Extension teardrop fracture of the axis is an extremely rare cervical spinal injury. The classic clinical features, which have mainly been described by radiologists rather than spine surgeons, include its occurrence in elderly patients with osteoporosis, an association with minimal or no prevertebral soft-tissue swelling, and an absence of associated neurological deficit. However, recent case studies indicate notable exceptions to these clinical features, although few studies have investigated osteoporosis in these patients.

MS/MS fragmentation-guided search of TMG-chitooligomycins and their structure-activity relationship in specific β-N-acetylglucosaminidase inhibition.

The reducing tetrasaccharide TMG-chitotriomycin (1) is an inhibitor of β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (GlcNAcase), produced by the actinomycete Streptomyces anulatus NBRC13369. The inhibitor shows a unique inhibitory spectrum, that is, selectivity toward enzymes from chitin-containing organisms such as insects and fungi. Nevertheless, its structure-selectivity relationship remains to be clarified.

Peptide bond formation by aminolysin-A catalysis: a simple approach to enzymatic synthesis of diverse short oligopeptides and biologically active puromycins.

A new S9 family aminopeptidase derived from the actinobacterial thermophile Acidothermus cellulolyticus was cloned and engineered into a transaminopeptidase by site-directed mutagenesis of catalytic Ser(491) into Cys. The engineered biocatalyst, designated aminolysin-A, can catalyze the formation of peptide bonds to give linear homo-oligopeptides, hetero-dipeptides, and cyclic dipeptides using cost-effective substrates in a one-pot reaction. Aminolysin-A can recognize several C-terminal-modified amino acids, including the l- and d-forms, as acyl donors as well as free amines, including amino acids and puromycin aminonucleoside, as acyl acceptors.

Extracellular production and characterization of Streptomyces X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase.

X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidases (X-PDAPs) are useful in various food industries. In this study, we performed sequence-based screening to obtain a stable X-PDAP enzyme from thermophilic Streptomyces strains. We found three genes that encoded X-PDAP from Streptomyces thermoluteus subsp.

Serum high-molecular-weight adiponectin as a marker for the evaluation and care of subjects with metabolic syndrome and related disorders.

In 1996, adiponectin was reported to be the most abundant transcript in adipose tissue. Animal studies revealed that administering adiponectin improves insulin resistance and blood glucose levels and inhibits atherosclerosis. In the present article, we review the significance of measuring serum high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin levels in human subjects.