Tepotinib for the Treatment of Lung Adenocarcinoma Harboring MET Y1003N Point Mutation: A Case Report.

The mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) Y1003 mutation, like MET ex14 skipping, is an oncogenic driver mutation that suppresses MET degradation. Herein, we report the case of a 63-year-old female patient with lung adenocarcinoma harboring the MET Y1003N mutation, who was treated with tepotinib, a selective type 1b MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor. To the best of our knowledge, no such cases have been reported.

Long-term Responders to Nanoparticle Albumin-bound Paclitaxel Following Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background/aim: The efficacy of cytotoxic chemo-therapy has been reported to improve after immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) administration. We previously conducted a multicenter prospective clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-PTX) after ICI treatment. In that study, some patients showed a long-term response to nab-PTX, which is not usually observed with single-agent chemotherapy.

Efficacy of Nanoparticle Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel (nab-PTX) Monotherapy Can Be Improved after Treatment with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Long-Term Follow-Up and Updated Analysis of Two Previous Prospective Clinical Studies.

Introduction: Recent studies have suggested enhanced therapeutic effects of subsequent chemotherapy after immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment, highlighting the importance of subsequent treatment selection. Nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-PTX) is commonly used in subsequent chemotherapies; however, its efficacy as a subsequent treatment after ICI treatment has not been reported.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of nab-PTX using two prospective studies that we previously reported.

Multicenter, Retrospective Study to Evaluate Necitumumab Plus Cisplatin and Gemcitabine After Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced Squamous Cell Lung Cancer in Japan: The NINJA Study.

Introduction: Necitumumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin (GCN) is a standard therapy for patients with advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSqCC). However, the efficacy and tolerability of GCN in second-line or later treatment for patients previously treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) remain unknown.

Methods: This multicenter, retrospective, cohort study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of GCN initiated between November 1, 2019 and March 31, 2022 as second-line to fourth-line treatment in patients with advanced LSqCC who had been pretreated with ICIs.

Prognostic Potential of the Prognostic Nutritional Index in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Pembrolizumab Combination Therapy with Carboplatin and Paclitaxel/Nab-Paclitaxel.

Introduction: Pembrolizumab (Pemb) therapy in conjunction with carboplatin and paclitaxel (PTX)/nab-PTX has been efficacious in treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the response predictors of this combination therapy (Pemb-combination) remain undetermined. We aimed to evaluate whether Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), body mass index (BMI), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) are potential factors in prognosticating the response to Pemb-combination therapy in advanced NSCLC patients.

Using the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio to predict the outcome of individuals with nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer receiving pembrolizumab plus platinum and pemetrexed.

Background: Factors predicting the response to pembrolizumab plus platinum and pemetrexed combination therapy (Pemb-Plt-PEM) in nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (non-sq NSCLC) are unclear. We investigated the Glasgow Prognostic (GP) score, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and body mass index (BMI) as predictors of response to initial treatment with combination therapy in individuals with advanced non-sq NSCLC.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 236 patients who received initial treatment with combination therapy for non-sq NSCLC at 13 institutions between December 2018 and December 2020.

Safety and utility of Endoscopic Ultrasound with Bronchoscope-guided Fine Needle Aspiration (EUS-B-FNA) in suspected lung cancer patients with poor respiratory or general conditions: a prospective three-center observational study.

Background: Although transbronchial diagnostic procedures are sometimes difficult to perform because of the patient's respiratory or general conditions, endoscopic ultrasound with bronchoscope-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-B-FNA), a known transesophageal diagnostic procedure, might be useful for such cases. We conducted this prospective three-center observational study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of EUS-B-FNA in suspected lung cancer patients with poor respiratory or general conditions.

Methods: Patients with suspected lung cancer with respiratory failure, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2 or higher, or severe respiratory symptoms, were enrolled.

Efficacy and safety of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel monotherapy after immune checkpoint inhibitor administration for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A multicenter Phase 2 clinical trial.

Background: Whether immunotherapy improves the efficacy or worsens adverse events of subsequent chemotherapy remains unclear. We performed a Phase 2 study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) as a treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after treatment with programmed cell death 1 or programmed death ligand 1 [PD-(L)1] inhibitor failure.

Methods: Nab-paclitaxel (100 mg/m ) was administered on Days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle to patients with advanced NSCLC within 12 weeks after the failure of PD-(L)1 inhibitor treatment.

Comparative analysis of different response criteria at early phase after PD-1 blockade in non-small lung cancer.

Purpose: To compare different response criteria using computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) in measuring response and survival in the early phase after programmed death-1 (PD-1) blockade monotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: A total of 54 patients with advanced NSCLC who had 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]-fluoro-D-glucose PET or CT at baseline, and 4 and 9 weeks after PD-1 blockade, were registered. Therapeutic response was assessed according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), the immune-modified RECIST (irRECIST), the PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (PERCIST), the immune-modified PERCIST (iPERCIST), and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) criteria for dichotomous groups, such as responders vs.

Intermittent administration of atezolizumab with combined carboplatin and etoposide therapy for patients with extensive‑disease small cell lung cancer.

To the best of our knowledge, no published reports have examined the significance of additional immune checkpoint inhibitors in treating malignancies, including lung cancer. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the efficacy and feasibility of adding atezolizumab to carboplatin and etoposide combination chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer with extensive disease (ED-SCLC). The present retrospective analysis examined 16 patients with ED-SCLC who received the addition of atezolizumab to carboplatin and etoposide therapy during treatment at four institutions between August 2019 and September 2020.

Pretreatment glasgow prognostic score predicts survival among patients administered first-line atezolizumab plus carboplatin and etoposide for small cell lung cancer.

Background: There are no established predictive biomarkers for the effectiveness of first-line atezolizumab plus carboplatin and etoposide therapy in patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate whether the Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and body mass index (BMI) can predict the effectiveness of first-line atezolizumab plus carboplatin and etoposide therapy in patients with extensive-disease SCLC.

Methods: We reviewed data from 84 patients who received first-line atezolizumab plus carboplatin and etoposide therapy for SCLC at nine Japanese institutions between August 2019 and May 2021.

Post-progression survival after atezolizumab plus carboplatin and etoposide as first-line chemotherapy in small cell lung cancer has a significant impact on overall survival.

Background: The effect of first-line chemotherapy on overall survival (OS) may be significantly influenced by subsequent therapy for patients with extensive disease small cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC). Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between progression-free survival (PFS), post-progression survival (PPS), and OS of ED-SCLC patients treated with atezolizumab plus carboplatin and etoposide as first-line therapy.

Methods: We analyzed the data of 57 patients with relapsed ED-SCLC treated with atezolizumab plus carboplatin and etoposide (AteCE) as first-line chemotherapy between August 2019 and September 2020.

Prospective assessment using F-FDG PET/CT as a novel predictor for early response to PD-1 blockade in non-small-cell lung cancer.

Anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) blockade is a standard treatment for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, no appropriate modality exists for monitoring its therapeutic response immediately after initiation. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the clinical relevance of F-FDG PET/CT versus CT in predicting the response to PD-1 blockade in the early phase.

Real-world data of atezolizumab plus carboplatin and etoposide in elderly patients with extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and tolerability of atezolizumab plus carboplatin and etoposide combination chemotherapy in elderly patients with extensive-disease (ED) small-cell lung cancer (SCLC).

Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 65 SCLC patients who received atezolizumab, carboplatin, and etoposide for ED-SCLC in nine study institutions between August 2019 and September 2020. Clinical efficacy, assessed according to response rate and survival, and toxicity were compared between the elderly (n = 36 patients; median age: 74 years [range: 70-89 years]) and the non-elderly group (n = 29 patients; median age: 67 years [range: 43-69 years]).

Sulfated Glycans Recognized by S1 Monoclonal Antibody can Serve as a Diagnostic Marker for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma.

Purpose: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a malignant neoplasm of the pleura caused by asbestos exposure. For diagnosis of MPM, immunohistochemistry using multiple markers is recommended to rule out differential diagnoses, such as pulmonary adenocarcinoma. However, the specificity of currently used markers is not fully satisfactory.

COVID-19 pneumonia detected by [F]FDG PET/MRI: a case with negative antigen test and chest X-ray results.

Since the outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) named Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China, researchers have reported the fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT (FDG PET/CT) manifestations of COVID-19 infection. We present a 37-year-old female with early-stage cervical cancer and fever without a focus who had negative SARS-CoV-2 antigen test and chest X-ray results. FDG PET/MRI performed for preoperative evaluation incidentally detected pneumonia showing high FDG uptake and diffusion-weighted imaging signals in right lung base.

Metal-Stimulated Interleukin-6 Production Through a Proton-Sensing Receptor, Ovarian Cancer G Protein-Coupled Receptor 1, in Human Bronchial Smooth Muscle Cells: A Response Inhibited by Dexamethasone.

Purpose: Human bronchial smooth muscle cells (BSMCs) contribute to airway obstruction and hyperresponsiveness in patients with bronchial asthma. BSMCs also generate cytokines and matricellular proteins in response to extracellular acidification through the ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor 1 (OGR1). Cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) are occupational agents, which cause occupational asthma.

Predictive value of 3'-deoxy-3'-F-fluorothymidine PET in the early response to anti-programmed death-1 therapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Anti-programmed death-1 (anti-PD-1) therapy has shown clinical success in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, it is difficult to evaluate the early response to anti-PD-1 therapy. We determined whether changes in 3'-deoxy-3'-[F]-fluorothymidine (F-FLT) PET parameters before and soon after treatment initiation predicted the therapeutic effect of anti-PD-1 antibody.

Surfactant protein D: a useful marker for differentiation of drug-induced pneumonia and bacterial pneumonia.

Background: Drug-induced pneumonia (d-pneumonia) and bacterial pneumonia (b-pneumonia) are often difficult to differentiate; therefore, this study examined the possibility of differentiating them using serum biomarkers.

Methods: The study included 22 and 16 patients diagnosed with b- and d-pneumonia, respectively, at our institution or affiliated institutions. For d-pneumonia, the causative drug was minocycline hydrochloride in four patients, gefitinib in two patients, nivolumab in two patients, pembrolizumab in two patients, sulfasalazine in two patients, loxoprofen in one patient, Bouiougitou in one patient, edoxaban tosilate hydrate in one patient, and abemaciclib in one patient.

Radiological perspective of COVID-19 pneumonia: The early features and progressive behaviour on high-resolution CT.

Since the outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China, many researchers have reported the chest CT manifestations of COVID-19 pneumonia. High-resolution CT (HRCT) of the lung can provide important clues to understand the progressive behaviour of COVID-19 pneumonia. This pictorial essay discusses the early features and potential progressive behaviour of COVID-19 on HRCT of the lung.