Evaluating the Aging of Multiple Emulsions Using Resonance-Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry.

Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was applied to measurements of multiple emulsions with no pretreatment; a method for the quantitative evaluation of aging was proposed. We prepared water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) multiple emulsions containing toluene and m-phenylenediamine. The samples were measured immediately following both preparation and after having been stirred for 24 h.

The development and use of a chest phantom for optimizing scanning techniques on a variety of low-dose helical computed tomography devices.

Purpose: To develop a chest phantom for determining the optimal scan conditions for chest computed tomography (CT) screening.

Methods: The basic structure of the phantom is an arms-elevated-positioned anthropomorphic chest phantom. The internal structure includes simulated tumors (which are assumed to be the target lesions of chest CT screening examinations) placed at the levels of the lung apex, the bifurcation of the trachea, and the lung base of both simulated lungs.