Cell viability assessment associated with a contact of gas bubbles produced by femtosecond laser breakdown in cell culture media.

High intensity near infrared femtosecond laser is a promising tool for three-dimensional processing of biological materials. During the processing of cells and tissues, long lasting gas bubbles randomly appeared around the laser focal point, however physicochemical and mechanical effects of the gas bubbles has not been emphasized. This paper presents characteristic behaviors of the gas bubbles and their contact effects on cell viability.

Adolescent Scoliosis Screening in Nara City Schools: A 23-Year Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.

Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of idiopathic scoliosis, define the distribution of the curve magnitude, evaluate the accuracy of Moiré topography as a screening tool, and investigate the cost-effectiveness of our screening system.

Overview Of Literature: Early detection of idiopathic scoliosis provides the opportunity for conservative treatment before the deformity is noticeable.