Primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: evaluation of a minimally restricted face-down positioning after pars plana vitrectomy and gas tamponade.

Aim: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a minimally restricted face-down postoperative positioning following pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with gas tamponade for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Methods: Patients with primary RRD treated with PPV and gas tamponade and followed up for at least 6mo were selected for the study. All phakic eyes underwent simultaneous cataract surgery.

Size and surface modification of silica nanoparticles affect the severity of lung toxicity by modulating endosomal ROS generation in macrophages.

Background: As the application of silica nanomaterials continues to expand, increasing chances of its exposure to the human body and potential harm are anticipated. Although the toxicity of silica nanomaterials is assumed to be affected by their physio-chemical properties, including size and surface functionalization, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that analysis of intracellular localization of the particles and subsequent intracellular signaling could reveal a novel determinant of inflammatory response against silica particles with different physico-chemical properties.

Optimal Display Positions for Heads-Up Surgery to Minimize Crosstalk.

Purpose: To determine optimal display positions during heads-up surgery (HUS) to minimize crosstalk.

Methods: Three three-dimensional (3D) displays were analyzed to evaluate the relationship between display position and amount of crosstalk. First, the 3D displays were calibrated to show a completely white image in the right eye and completely black image in the left eye.