Monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio is a prognostic predictor for patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy.

Background: The monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), a systemic inflammation biomarker, has been shown to predict patient outcomes in several types of cancer. This study aimed to determine the association between MLR and local control (LC) and cause-specific survival (CSS) rates in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).

Materials And Methods: The median age of the 194 included participants (144 men, 50 women) was 80 (range, 50-96) years.

Biomechanical imaging biomarker during chemoradiotherapy predicts treatment response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

. For response-adapted adaptive radiotherapy (R-ART), promising biomarkers are needed to predict post-radiotherapy (post-RT) responses using routine clinical information obtained during RT. In this study, a patient-specific biomechanical model (BM) of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) was proposed using the pre-RT maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) ofF-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and tumor structural changes during RT as evaluated using computed tomography (CT).

Deep inspiration breath hold real-time tumor-tracking radiation therapy (DBRT) as a novel stereotactic body radiation therapy approach for lung tumors.

Radiotherapy with deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) reduces doses to the lungs and organs at risk. The stability of breath holding and reproducibility of tumor location are higher during expiration than during inspiration; therefore, we developed an irradiation method combining DIBH and real-time tumor-tracking radiotherapy (RTRT) (DBRT). Nine patients were enrolled in this study.

Differences in Radiosensitivity According to EGFR Mutation Status in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Clinical and In Vitro Study.

Unlike drug selection, radiation parameters (field, dose) are not based on driver gene mutations in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to compare radiosensitivity in NSCLC with and without EGFR driver gene mutations using clinical and in vitro data. The clinical study included 42 patients who underwent whole-brain radiotherapy for brain metastases from NSCLC; of these, 13 patients had EGFR mutation-positive tumors.

Pseudo dual-energy CT-derived iodine mapping using single-energy CT data based on a convolution neural network.

Objective: The objectives of this study are: (1) to develop a convolutional neural network model that yields pseudo high-energy CT (CT) from simple image processed low-energy CT (CT) images, and (2) to create a pseudo iodine map (IM) and pseudo virtual non-contrast (VNC) images for thoracic and abdominal regions.

Methods: Eighty patients who underwent dual-energy CT (DECT) examinations were enrolled. The data obtained from 55, 5, and 20 patients were used for training, validation, and testing, respectively.

Effect of Ocular Dominance on Ocular Blood Flow Parameters.

Purpose: In binocular vision, there is a dominant eye and a nondominant eye, a phenomenon termed ocular dominance. This study determined the differences and associations of the ocular blood flow parameters between dominant and nondominant eyes in healthy Japanese subjects.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 128 eyes of 64 subjects (13 male and 51 female) aged ≥ 20 years.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors after Radiation Therapy Improve Overall Survival Rates in Patients with Stage IV Lung Cancer.

This exploratory and retrospective study aimed to evaluate whether there is a difference in the overall survival (OS) rates of patients with stage IV lung cancer who underwent radiation therapy (RT) depending on the presence or absence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and the timing of their use. Eighty patients with histologically confirmed stage IV lung cancer were enrolled, and ICIs were administered to thirty (37.5%).

Usefulness of smear microscopy for therapeutic decision-making in patients with infectious keratitis.

Purpose: To determine the usefulness of smears in the diagnosis of infectious keratitis by comparing smears and 2 different culture methods.

Study Design: Retrospective, observational study.

Methods: The foci of 73 patients diagnosed with infectious keratitis at Hiroshima University Hospital between July 2011 and September 2015 were abraded, and smear microscopy and culturing were performed.

Assessing four-dimensional CT stress maps derived from patient-specific biomechanical models of the lung with pulmonary function test data in lung cancer patients.

Objective: This study aims to retrospectively compare the stress map of the lung with pulmonary function test (PFT) results in lung cancer patients and to evaluate the potential of the stress map as an imaging biomarker for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods: 25 lung cancer patients with pre-treatment four-dimensional CT (4DCT) and PFT data were retrospectively analysed. PFT metrics were used to diagnose obstructive lung disease.

Investigation of the combination of intratumoral and peritumoral radiomic signatures for predicting epidermal growth factor receptor mutation in lung adenocarcinoma.

Purpose: We investigated optimal peritumoral size and constructed predictive models for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation.

Methods: A total of 164 patients with lung adenocarcinoma were retrospectively analyzed. Radiomic signatures for the intratumoral region and combinations of intratumoral and peritumoral regions (3, 5, and 7 mm) from computed tomography images were extracted using analysis of variance and least absolute shrinkage.

Incidence and pre/post-treatment risk factors of glaucoma in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.

Purpose: To investigate the incidence and pre/post-treatment risk factors of glaucoma in patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease.

Methods: Data regarding secondary glaucoma were collected from the medical records of patients with VKH disease who were followed up at the uveitis service at Hiroshima University for more than 6 months. We examined the incidence of glaucoma and pre/post-treatment risk factors for glaucoma in patients with VKH disease.

Comparison of the radiomics-based predictive models using machine learning and nomogram for epidermal growth factor receptor mutation status and subtypes in lung adenocarcinoma.

The purpose of this study is to develop the predictive models for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status and subtypes [exon 21-point mutation (L858R) and exon 19 deletion mutation (19Del)] and evaluate their clinical usefulness. Total 172 patients with lung adenocarcinoma were retrospectively analyzed. The analysis of variance and the least absolute shrinkage were used for feature selection from plain computed tomography images.

DRAINAGE RETINOTOMY IS A RISK FACTOR FOR SURGICAL FAILURE AFTER PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY UNCOMPLICATED RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT.

Purpose: To identify risk factors for recurrent retinal detachment after uncomplicated pars plana vitrectomy in patients with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Methods: This single-center retrospective study included patients with primary RRD who underwent 23-gauge and 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy at Hiroshima University Hospital between January 2016 and May 2021. All patients had ≥3 months of follow-up.

Assessing liver fibrosis distribution through liver elasticity estimates obtained using a biomechanical model of respiratory motion with magnetic resonance elastography.

. This study aimed to produce a three-dimensional liver elasticity map using the finite element method (FEM) and respiration-induced motion captured by T1-weighted magnetic resonance images (FEM-E-map) and to evaluate whether FEM-E-maps can be an imaging biomarker comparable to magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) for assessing the distribution and severity of liver fibrosis..

Predicting programmed death-ligand 1 expression level in non-small cell lung cancer using a combination of peritumoral and intratumoral radiomic features on computed tomography.

In this study, we investigated the possibility of predicting expression levels of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) using radiomic features of intratumoral and peritumoral tumors on computed tomography (CT) images. We retrospectively analyzed 161 patients with non-small cell lung cancer. We extracted radiomic features for intratumoral and peritumoral regions on CT images.

Anemia is a Prognostic Factor for Overall Survival Rate in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy.

Purpose: Anemia has been associated with poor prognosis in patients with cancer across several cancer types. It has been identified as a prognostic factor in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have undergone surgery or chemoradiotherapy. However, there are only a few reports that have evaluated the prognostic significance of anemia in patients with NSCLC undergoing stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).

Treatment outcomes in the neovascular glaucoma tube versus trabeculectomy study.

Purpose: To compare surgical outcomes between patients who underwent Baerveldt glaucoma implantation versus trabeculectomy (TLE) for the treatment of neovascular glaucoma.

Methods: We performed a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial at Hiroshima University and Tsukazaki Hospital, Japan. Patients were randomized to Baerveldt glaucoma implantation (23 patients) or TLE (27 patients).

Photodynamic therapy for radiation maculopathy: A case report.

Rationale: The best treatment protocol for radiation maculopathy in children has not been determined. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on radiation maculopathy.

Patient Concerns: An 11-year-old boy who was originally diagnosed with orbital rhabdomyosarcoma when he was 1 year old, in October 2008.

Incidence of ocular inflammation among patients with active tuberculosis or nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in a tertiary hospital in Japan.

Purpose: This study aimed to elucidate the incidence of ocular involvement among patients with active tuberculosis (TB) or nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection in a hospital in Japan.

Methods: Patients with active TB or NTM infection at Yoshijima Hospital from April 2017 to July 2018 were included in this retrospective study. All patients underwent ophthalmic examinations, including fundus evaluation under pupil dilation, before initiation of antibiotic therapy.

Estimation of liver elasticity using the finite element method and four-dimensional computed tomography images as a biomarker of liver fibrosis.

Purpose: Current radiotherapy planning procedures are generally designed based on anatomical information only and use computed tomography (CT) images that do not incorporate organ-functional information. In this study, we developed a method for estimating liver elasticity using the finite element method (FEM) and four-dimensional CT (4DCT) images acquired during radiotherapy planning, and we subsequently evaluated its feasibility as a biomarker for liver fibrosis.

Materials And Methods: Twenty patients who underwent 4DCT and ultrasound-based transient elastography (UTE) were enrolled.

Foveal structure in nanophthalmos and visual acuity.

Purpose: To evaluate the fovea in nanophthalmic eyes using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA), and to investigate the relationship between the macular microstructure and visual acuity.

Methods: This is a retrospective case series of five nanophthalmic patients. The foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area was measured in superficial and deep vascular layers with OCTA.

Comparison of Surgical Outcomes Between Microhook Ab Interno Trabeculotomy and Goniotomy with the Kahook Dual Blade in Combination with Phacoemulsification: A Retrospective, Comparative Case Series.

Purpose: To study surgical outcomes of patients with a minimum of 6 months of follow-up after undergoing combined phacoemulsification with either microhook ab interno trabeculotomy (μLOT-Phaco) or goniotomy using the Kahook Dual Blade (KDB-Phaco).

Methods: This retrospective comparative case series examined 22 μLOT-Phaco eyes and 81 KDB-Phaco eyes that underwent surgery between December 2016 and October 2018. Data collected from medical records included pre- and postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), number of IOP-lowering medications and complication occurrence.

Determinants of corneal endothelial cell loss after sulcus placement of Ahmed and Baerveldt drainage device surgery.

Aim: In patients who underwent multiple intraocular surgeries, we evaluated determinants of decreased corneal endothelial cell density (CECD) after sulcus placement following Ahmed and Baerveldt drainage device surgery.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients with glaucoma who underwent sulcus placement with an Ahmed glaucoma valve or a Baerveldt glaucoma implant. We compared presurgical and postsurgical CECD and risk factors for decreased CECD.

Analysis of dosimetric impact of intrafraction translation and rotation during respiratory-gated stereotactic body radiotherapy with real-time tumor monitoring of the lung using a novel six degrees-of-freedom robotic moving phantom.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a six degrees-of-freedom (6DoF) robotic moving phantom for evaluating the dosimetric impact of intrafraction rotation during respiratory-gated radiotherapy with real-time tumor monitoring in the lung.

Materials And Methods: Fifteen patients who had undergone respiratory-gated stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) with the SyncTraX system for lung tumors were enrolled in this study. A water-equivalent phantom (WEP) was set at the tip of the robotic arm.