Association of walking and activities of daily living with muscle thickness of the trunk and lower extremity muscles in children with down syndrome.

Purpose: We examined the association of walking and activities of daily living(ADL) with trunk and lower extremity muscle thickness in children with Down syndrome (DS).

Methods: 27 children with DS participated in this study. Walking was assessed using measurements of the maximal walking speed and step length, while ADL was assessed using the Pediatric Evaluation of DisabilityInventory (PEDI).

Association of activities of daily living and cognitive function with thickness of the upper extremity muscles in children and adults with cerebral palsy.

Purpose: We examined the association of activities of daily living (ADL) and cognitive function with the upper extremity muscle thickness and upper extremity range of motion (ROM) and spasticity in children and adults with cerebral palsy (CP).

Methods: The subjects were 20 children and adults with CP. The ADL performed using the upper extremities and cognitive function were assessed using the self-care domain of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) and the full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, fourth edition (WISC-IV), respectively.

Association of gross motor function and activities of daily living with muscle mass of the trunk and lower extremity muscles, range of motion, and spasticity in children and adults with cerebral palsy.

Purpose: We examined the association of gross motor function and activities of daily living (ADL) with muscle mass of the trunk and lower extremity muscles in children and adults with cerebral palsy (CP).

Methods: The subjects were 32 children and adults with CP. Muscle thickness of the trunk and lower extremity muscles was measured using an ultrasound imaging device.

Comparison of the degree of pes planovalgus and muscle mass of the ankle joint and foot muscles between children with Down syndrome and children with typical development.

We aimed to compare the degree of pes planovalgus and muscle mass of the ankle joint and foot muscles between children with Down syndrome (DS) and children with typical development (TD). We also examined the association of the degree of pes planovalgus with muscle mass of the ankle joint and foot muscles in children with DS and children with TD. The subjects were 24 children with TD (control [CTR] group) and 23 children with DS (DS group).