Avoiding Undesired Intramolecular Diketopiperazine Formation during Peptoid Chain Elongation Using a Microflow Reactor.

Avoiding undesired intramolecular reactions during desired intermolecular reactions is an important challenge in synthetic organic chemistry. We successfully avoided undesired intramolecular diketopiperazine formation during desired N-alkylation in the synthesis of peptoids using a microflow reactor. Fifteen peptoids were synthesized in good to high yields, and a cyclic peptoid was synthesized on the gram scale using the developed microflow approach.

Optimization of Temperature Modulation for Gas Classification Based on Bayesian Optimization.

This study proposes an optimization method for temperature modulation in chemiresistor-type gas sensors based on Bayesian optimization (BO), and its applicability was investigated. As voltage for a sensor heater, our previously proposed waveform was employed, and the parameters determining the voltage range were optimized. Employing the Bouldin-Davies index (DBI) as an objective function (OBJ), BO was utilized to minimize the DBI calculated from a feature matrix built from the collected data followed by pre-processing.

Dynamics of Interaction among Professionals, Informal Supporters, and Family Caregivers of People with Dementia along the Dementia Care Pathway: A Nationwide Survey in Japan.

This study aims to clarify the dynamics of information provision and human interaction to satisfy the needs of family caregivers. A questionnaire survey consisting of items on information received at and after diagnosis, persons and resources consulted, needs, and caregiver-oriented outcomes was conducted. Among the respondents, 2295 individuals who were caring for people with dementia were divided into quartiles by the time after diagnosis, and differences were statistically analyzed.

Dietary vitamin E deficiency increases anxiety-like behavior in juvenile and adult rats.

Vitamin E deficiency from birth or infancy has recently been found to increase anxiety-like behavior in rodents. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the effect of dietary vitamin E deficiency on anxiety in adult rats in comparison with juvenile rats. Male Wistar rats, 3 or 10 weeks old, were divided into two groups and fed a control or vitamin E-deficient diet for 4 weeks.

Dietary vitamin E deficiency increases anxiety-related behavior in rats under stress of social isolation.

It has been demonstrated that vitamin E deficiency from birth increases anxiety-related behavior using knockout animals with no vitamin E transfer proteins. The current study was undertaken to elucidate the effect of dietary vitamin E deficiency on anxiety-related behavior of rats in different housing conditions. Male Wistar strain rats were divided into two groups during the weaning period and fed a control or vitamin E-deficient diet.