Charged chiral derivatization for enantioselective imaging of D-,L-2-hydroxyglutaric acid using ion mobility spectrometry/mass spectrometry.

A newly synthesized charged chiral tag-enabled enantioselective imaging of D-,L-2-hydroxyglutaric acid, which are independently associated with the regulation of DNA methylation. The tag-conjugated diastereomers were ionized efficiently through MALDI, separated by ion mobility spectrometry, and further separated from other molecules in mass spectrometry. On-tissue chiral derivatization using the tag facilitated the visualization of different distributions of the two isomers in the mouse testis.

Two Distinct Groups Are Shown to Be at Risk of Diabetes by Means of a Cluster Analysis of Four Variables.

Recent attempts to classify adult-onset diabetes using only six diabetes-related variables (GAD antibody, age at diagnosis, BMI, HbA1c, and homeostatic model assessment 2 estimates of b-cell function and insulin resistance (HOMA2-B and HOMA2-IR)) showed that diabetes can be classified into five clusters, of which four correspond to type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Here, we classified nondiabetic individuals to identify risk clusters for incident T2DM to facilitate the refinement of prevention strategies. Of the 1167 participants in the population-based Iwaki Health Promotion Project in 2014 (baseline), 868 nondiabetic individuals who attended at least once during 2015-2019 were included in a prospective study.

Correction: Tamura et al. Interrelations between Gut Microbiota Composition, Nutrient Intake and Diabetes Status in an Adult Japanese Population. 2022, , 3216.

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The Relationship between Serum Adiponectin, Urinary Albumin/Creatinine Ratio and Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

The relationship between serum adiponectin concentration (S-Adipo) and various diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) is conflicting. We hypothesized that the extent of kidney damage in patients with T2D may be responsible for this inconsistency and, thus, examined association between S-Adipo and T2D after consideration for the extent of kidney damage present. Of the 1816 participants in the population-based Iwaki study of Japanese people, 1751 participants with a complete dataset were included.

Early Initiation of Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients.

The optimal timing for initiating extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) after starting mechanical ventilation has yet to be clarified. We report herein the cases of two patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) who were successfully managed with an early ECMO induction strategy. Case 1 involved a 64-year-old man admitted in respiratory distress with polymerase chain reaction-confirmed COVID-19.

Interrelations between Gut Microbiota Composition, Nutrient Intake and Diabetes Status in an Adult Japanese Population.

Upon food digestion, the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in energy metabolism, thus affecting the development of type 2 diabetes (DM). We aimed to examine the influence of the composition of selected nutrients consumed on the association between the gut microbiota and DM. This cross-sectional study of a general population was conducted on 1019 Japanese volunteers.

Rapid chiral discrimination of oncometabolite dl-2-hydroxyglutaric acid using derivatization and field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry/mass spectrometry.

2-Hydroxyglutaric acid is a chiral metabolite whose enantiomers specifically accumulate in different diseases. An enantiomeric excess of the d-form in biological specimens reflects the existence of various pathogenic mutations in cancer patients, however, conventional methods using gas or liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis had not been used for large clinical studies because they require multiple analytical instruments and a long run time to separate the enantiomers. Here, we present a rapid separation method for dl-2-hydroxyglutaric acid using a chiral derivatizing reagent and field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry/mass spectrometry, which requires a single analytical instrument and <1 s for the separation.

Nutrient consumption-dependent association of a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor gene polymorphism with insulin secretion.

Since type 2 diabetes (DM) is a life-style related disease, life-style should be considered when association between genetic factors and DM are examined. However, most studies did not examine genetic associations in consideration with lifestyle. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor (GLP1R) mediates the insulinotropic action of GLP-1 in β-cells.

FIB-4 index is a marker for a subsequent decrease in insulin secretion in a non-diabetic Japanese population.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with a high risk of type 2 diabetes (DM), therefore, early diagnosis of NAFLD is important to prevent incident DM. FIB-4 index, a biomarker, often used to evaluate severity of NAFLD, may be useful to evaluate risk for incident DM in ordinary clinical setting. Here, we determined the association of FIB-4 index with changes in indices representing glucose metabolism with aging in a non-diabetic population.

Exacerbation of Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary to a Reduction in Kidney Function, in Individuals With Vitamin D Deficiency.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD)-mineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBD) are an adverse outcome derived from decreases in kidney function, where abnormality of serum concentrations of calcium (Ca), phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and vitamin D can be seen simultaneously. To identify individuals at risk for CKD-MBD or secondary hyperparathyroidism, the relationships between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and serum PTH concentration were evaluated, allowing for confounding factors, in particular vitamin D status, in a general Japanese population. Nine-hundred-and-thirty participants in the population-based Iwaki study conducted in 2016 who were not on drugs affecting mineral metabolism nor hemodialysis, were included in the study (326 men and 604 women; age: 55.