Real-world outcomes of nivolumab plus ipilimumab combination therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma in Japanese patients: data with a minimum of 3 years of follow-up.

Background: Long-term follow-up data regarding treatment outcomes of nivolumab plus ipilimumab combination therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma as a first-line therapy are limited in real-world Japanese populations.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated data of 56 advanced renal cell carcinoma patients treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab, with a follow-up of at least 3 years. Survival, tumour response and adverse event profiles were assessed.

Macrophages are scavengers for injured myelin in a rabbit model of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.

In acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), myelin vesiculation mediated by complement activation contributes to nerve injury. Macrophage infiltration of the spinal roots has been demonstrated in AIDP, but its pathological significance remains uncertain. The present study aimed to investigate the role of macrophages in the pathogenic sequence of AIDP.

An autopsy case of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma showing a rapid transition to embolic strokes with occlusion of the major cerebral arteries.

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma can induce central nervous system manifestations, including strokes, due to small-vessel occlusion caused by lymphoma cells. However, involvement in large-sized vessels is rare. Here, we present an unusual autopsy case of an 88-year-old man showing a rapid transition from multiple strokes due to small vessel occlusion, typical of intravascular lymphoma, to progressive embolic strokes caused by the occlusion of major cerebral arteries.

Sex differences in the central regulation of colorectal motility in response to noxious stimuli.

Distinct sex differences in the prevalence and symptoms of abnormal bowel habits in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have been reported. We have elucidated the sex differences in the regulation of colorectal motility via the central nervous system. Noxious stimuli in the colorectum of anesthetized male rats enhance colorectal motility by activating monoaminergic neurons in descending pain inhibitory pathways from the brainstem to the lumbosacral spinal cord.

Essential roles of the hypothalamic A11 region and the medullary raphe nuclei in regulation of colorectal motility in rats.

The supraspinal brain regions controlling defecation reflex remain to be elucidated. The purpose of this study was to determine the roles of the hypothalamic A11 region and the medullary raphe nuclei in regulation of defecation. For chemogenetic manipulation of specific neurons, we used the double virus vector infection method in rats.

Contribution of sex hormones to the sexually dimorphic response of colorectal motility to noxious stimuli in rats.

Our recent studies have shown that noxious stimuli in the colorectum enhance colorectal motility via the brain and spinal defecation centers in male rats. In female rats, however, noxious stimuli have no effect on colorectal motility. The purpose of this study was to determine whether sex hormones are major contributing factors for sex-dependent differences in neural components of the spinal defecation center.

Kinetic and kinematic characteristics of sprint running with a weighted vest.

This study elucidated kinetic and kinematic changes between control and weighted vest sprinting with a load of 7% body mass. Fourteen male sprinters completed 60 m control and vest sprints over a long force platform system. Step-to-step ground reaction force and spatiotemporal variables were grouped, representing the initial acceleration (1st-4th steps), middle acceleration (5th-14th steps), later acceleration (15th step-step before maximum velocity reached) and maximum velocity (stride where maximum velocity reached) phase during each trial.

Guillain-Barré syndrome in Eastern China: A study of 595 patients.

Background And Purpose: This study aimed to investigate geographical differences in the clinical features of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) between patients from our region in Eastern China and patients from other areas.

Methods: A total of 595 patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria ​for GBS or its variants were included from two large hospitals located in Eastern China. Data collection included demographics, antecedent events, clinical presentation and signs, electrophysiological subtypes, treatment, complications during hospitalization, clinical severity at nadir, and outcome at 12 months, and these data were compared to data from a study conducted in Southern China and the Europe/Americas section of the International GBS Outcome Study.

Utility of bedside artificial pancreas for postoperative glycemic control in cardiac surgery.

Unlabelled: Perioperative hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and high glycemic variability are independent risk factors for mortality in critically ill patients. After cardiac surgery, intensive glycemic control without hypoglycemia may help to reduce the number of adverse events; however, postoperative glycemic control is difficult in many cases. In this study, we investigated whether the bedside artificial pancreas STG-55 is useful for postoperative glycemic control in cardiac surgery.

Visual hallucinations and inferior longitudinal fasciculus in Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: We investigated whether disruption of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus are associated with visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods: Sixty consecutive right-handed patients with PD with and without visual hallucinations were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Diffusion tensor imaging was acquired by 3.

Development of flash cards to teach about lesions in the jaws and maxillary sinuses.

Objective: We sought to evaluate a set of flash cards to teach about lesions of the jaws and maxillary sinuses.

Methods: We placed illustrations of 30 diseases of the jaws and maxillary sinuses on the front of the cards (7 cm × 5 cm). On the backs of the cards, a description of the radiological findings and the corresponding QR code for each disease were printed.

Stroke-like Migraine Attacks after Radiation Therapy (SMART) Syndrome Followed by Cerebral Infarction.

A 36-year-old man with a history of irradiation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia developed headache with cortical dysfunction lasting for 4 weeks. The clinical features were consistent with stroke-like migraine attacks after radiation therapy (SMART) syndrome. Six months later, he developed cerebral infarction due to occlusions of the left anterior and middle cerebral arteries.

Down-regulation of glutamate release from hippocampal neurons by sialidase.

Sialidase, which removes sialic acid residues in sialylglycoconjugates, is essential for hippocampal memory and synaptic plasticity. Enzyme activity of sialidase is rapidly increased in response to neural excitation. Because sialic acid bound to gangliosides such as the tetra-sialoganglioside GQ1b is crucial for calcium signalling and neurotransmitter release, neural activity-dependent removal of sialic acid may affect hippocampal neurotransmission.

Acute Tetraparesis with Respiratory Failure after Steroid Administration in a Patient with a Dural Arteriovenous Fistula at the Craniocervical Junction.

A 63-year-old man developed vomiting, paraparesis, dysuria, bulbar palsy, and orthostatic hypotension over a period of 5 months. Neuroradiological examinations showed a swollen lower brainstem with a dural arteriovenous fistula at the craniocervical junction (DAVF-CCJ). A steroid was administered intravenously in the hospital to relieve brainstem edema.

An Adult Case of Recurrent Guillain-Barré Syndrome with Anti-galactocerebroside Antibodies.

A 79-year-old woman with a history of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) developed somnolence and tetraparesis after pneumonia. Based on clinical and laboratory findings, she was diagnosed with complications of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Anti-galactocerebroside (Gal-C) IgG antibodies were detected in her serum.