Early versus late administration of adrenaline in pediatric patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Objectives: Optimal timing of adrenaline administration in pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is unclear. We aimed to evaluate the impact of early versus late adrenaline administration on survival and neurological outcomes at one month in children experiencing OHCA with non-shockable rhythm.

Methods: This study is retrospective cohort study.

Evaluation of the Efficiency of the Newly Developed Needle in Emergency Room: A Single-Center Observational Study.

Aim Of The Study: Peripheral intravascular catheter (PIVC) insertion is frequently performed in the emergency room (ER) and many failures of initial PIVC insertion occur. To reduce the failures, new needles were developed. This study aimed to investigate whether the use of the newly developed needle reduced the failure of initial PIVC insertion in the ER compared with the use of the existing needle.

Early versus late advanced airway management for adult patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A time-dependent propensity score-matched analysis.

Objective: The objective was to investigate whether early advanced airway management during the entire resuscitation period is associated with favorable neurological outcomes and survival in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with OHCA aged ≥18 years enrolled in OHCA registry in Japan who received advanced airway management during cardiac arrest between June 2014 and December 2020. To address resuscitation time bias, we performed risk set matching analyses in which patients who did and did not receive advanced airway management were matched at the same time point (min) using the time-dependent propensity score; further, we compared early (≤10 min) and late (>10 min) advanced airway management.

Early Versus Late Advanced Airway Management for Pediatric Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.

Study Objective: To determine the association between early versus late advanced airway management and improved outcomes in pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study using data from the out-of-hospital cardiac arrest registry in Japan. We included pediatric patients (<18 years) with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who had received advanced airway management (tracheal intubation, supraglottic airway, and esophageal obturator).

Association between institutional volume of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases and short term outcomes.

Background: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a serious condition. The volume-outcome relationship and various post-cardiac arrest care elements are believed to be associated with improved neurological outcomes. Although previous studies have investigated the volume-outcome relationship, adjusting for post-cardiac arrest care, intra-class correlation for each institution, and other covariates may have been insufficient.

Impact of the failure of initial insertion of a peripheral intravascular catheter on the development of adverse events in patients admitted to the intensive care unit from the emergency room: A post hoc analysis of the AMOR-VENUS study.

Aim: To investigate an association between failure of initial peripheral intravascular catheter (PIVC) insertion and adverse events in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) from the emergency room (ER).

Methods: This study was a post hoc analysis of the AMOR-VENUS study, a multicenter cohort study that included 22 institutions and 23 ICUs in Japan between January and March of 2018. Study participants included consecutive adult patients admitted to the ICU with PIVCs inserted in ICU during the study period exclusively from the ER.

Current status of active cooling, deep body temperature measurement, and face mask wearing in heat stroke and heat exhaustion patients in Japan: a nationwide observational study based on the Heatstroke STUDY 2020 and 2021.

Aim: The study aimed to determine the current status of face mask use, deep body temperature measurement, and active cooling in patients suffering from heat stroke and heat exhaustion in Japan.

Methods: This was a prospective, observational, multicenter study using data from the Heatstroke STUDY 2020-2021, a nationwide periodical registry of heat stroke and heat exhaustion patients. Based on the Bouchama heatstroke criteria, we classified the patients into two groups: severe and mild-to-moderate.

Contamination of Blood Cultures From Arterial Catheters and Peripheral Venipuncture in Critically Ill Patients: A Prospective Multicenter Diagnostic Study.

Background: Collecting blood cultures from indwelling arterial catheters is an attractive option in critically ill adult patients when peripheral venipuncture is difficult. However, whether the contamination proportion of blood cultures from arterial catheters is acceptable compared with that from venipuncture is inconclusive.

Research Question: Is contamination of blood cultures from arterial catheters noninferior to that from venipuncture in critically ill adult patients with suspected bloodstream infection?

Study Design And Methods: In this multicenter prospective diagnostic study conducted at five hospitals, we enrolled episodes of paired blood culture collection, each set consisting of blood drawn from an arterial catheter and another by venipuncture, were obtained from critically ill adult patients with cilinical indication.

Low-molecular-weight anti-HIV-1 agents targeting HIV-1 capsid proteins.

The HIV-1 capsid is a shell that encapsulates viral RNA, and forms a conical structure by assembling oligomers of capsid (CA) proteins. Since the CA proteins are highly conserved among many strains of HIV-1, the inhibition of the CA function could be an appropriate goal for suppression of HIV-1 replication, but to date, no drug targeting CA has been developed. Hydrophobic interactions between two CA molecules through Trp184 and Met185 in the protein are known to be indispensable for conformational stabilization of the CA multimer.

A study of the risk factors for phlebitis in patients stratified using the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score and admitted to the intensive care unit: A analysis of the AMOR-VENUS study.

Introduction: Peripheral intravascular catheters (PIVCs) are inserted in most patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Previous research has discussed various risk factors for phlebitis, which is one of the complications of PIVCs. However, previous studies have not investigated the risk factors based on the patient's severity of illness, such as the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score.

Risk factors for peripheral venous catheter-related phlebitis stratified by body mass index in critically ill patients: A analysis of the AMOR-VENUS study.

Introduction: Phlebitis is an important complication in patients with peripheral intravascular catheters (PIVCs). Although an association between body mass index (BMI) and phlebitis has been suggested, the risk of phlebitis according to BMI has not been well elucidated. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the risk of phlebitis according to BMI in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Intra-aortic balloon pump use in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients who underwent extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Aim: To investigate the effect of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) use after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) on short-term neurological outcomes and survival in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Methods: We retrospectively analysed data collected between June 2014 and December 2019 from the Japanese OHCA registry. Adult patients (aged ≥18 years) who underwent ECPR were included.

Comparison of the effects of lidocaine and amiodarone for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with shockable rhythms: a retrospective observational study from a multicenter registry.

Background: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) with shockable rhythms, including ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia, is associated with better prognosis and neurological outcome than OHCA due to other rhythms. Antiarrhythmic drugs, including lidocaine and amiodarone, are often used for defibrillation. This study aimed to compare the effects of lidocaine and amiodarone on the prognosis and neurological outcome of patients with OHCA due to shockable rhythms in a real-world setting.

Association between short-term neurological outcomes and extreme hyperoxia in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who underwent extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a retrospective observational study from a multicenter registry.

Background: To investigate the impact of hyperoxia that developed immediately after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) on patients' short-term neurological outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed data from the Japanese OHCA registry from June 2014 to December 2017. We analyzed adult patients (≥ 18 years) who had undergone ECPR.

Risk factors for peripheral intravascular catheter-related phlebitis in critically ill patients: analysis of 3429 catheters from 23 Japanese intensive care units.

Background: Phlebitis is an important complication occurring in patients with peripheral intravascular catheters (PIVCs). The risk factors for phlebitis in the intensive care unit (ICU) was examined.

Methods: A secondary analysis of a prospective multicenter cohort study was conducted, involving 23 ICUs in Japan-the AMOR-VENUS study.

Can Cerebral Regional Oxygen Saturation (rSO) Be Used as an Indicator of the Quality of Chest Compressions in Patients With Cardiopulmonary Arrest? A Study Evaluating the Association Between rSO and Mean Arterial Pressure: The PRESS Study.

Introduction: Sudden cardiac arrest causes numerous deaths worldwide. High-quality chest compressions are important for good neurological recovery. Arterial pressure is considered useful to monitor the quality of chest compressions by the American Heart Association.