Predictors of social anxiety disorder with major depressive episodes among Japanese university students.

Background: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) develops in the early teens and is a common disorder among university students. Understanding the predictive factors of SAD comorbid with major depressive episode (MDE) is important for student mental health care. The aim of this study was to identify the personality traits that predict SAD with MDE by analyzing longitudinal data of Japanese university students.

Associations between cognitive impairment and illness awareness in fully remitted bipolar outpatients.

The euthymic state of bipolar disorder is often characterized by impaired cognitive function. In this investigation, we hypothesized that subjective cognitive function is impaired and illness awareness is inadequate and we further explored the associations among cognitive complaints, objective cognitive functions, and current illness awareness in Japanese patients. Twenty-seven patients in remission and 27 healthy subjects were recruited in this study.

Natural recovery from long-lasting generalised dissociative amnesia and of cerebral blood flow.

A 40-year-old man presented with generalised dissociative amnesia. At 2 weeks after onset, N-isopropyl-[I] -iodoamphetamine-single-photon emission CT imaging of the brain revealed hypoperfusion in the right medial temporal area. Organic brain damage was ruled out.

Associations between cognitive impairment and quality of life in euthymic bipolar patients.

During the euthymic state in bipolar disorder, cognitive functions often remain affected. Specifically, subjective and objective cognitive impairment might distinctly affect patients' quality of life (QoL); however, this question had not been examined previously in Japanese patients. Therefore, the current study investigated the associations between cognitive complaints, QoL, and objective cognitive functions.

Predictive factors for hyperglycaemic progression in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.

Background: Patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder have a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Aims: To identify predictive factors for hyperglycaemic progression in individuals with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and to determine whether hyperglycaemic progression rates differ among antipsychotics in regular clinical practice.

Method: We recruited 1166 patients who initially had normal or prediabetic glucose levels for a nationwide, multisite, l-year prospective cohort study to determine predictive factors for hyperglycaemic progression.

Cognitive and Behavioral Skills Exercises Completed by Patients with Major Depression During Smartphone Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: A strong and growing body of evidence has demonstrated the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), either face-to-face, in person, or as self-help via the Internet, for depression. However, CBT is a complex intervention consisting of several putatively effective components, and how each component may or may not contribute to the overall effectiveness of CBT is poorly understood.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate how the users of smartphone CBT use and benefit from various components of the program.

Neural responses to feedback information produced by self-generated or other-generated decision-making and their impairment in schizophrenia.

Several studies of self-monitoring dysfunction in schizophrenia have focused on the sense of agency to motor action using behavioral and psychophysiological techniques. So far, no study has ever tried to investigate whether the sense of agency or causal attribution for external events produced by self-generated decision-making is abnormal in schizophrenia. The purpose of this study was to investigate neural responses to feedback information produced by self-generated or other-generated decision-making in a multiplayer gambling task using even-related potentials and electroencephalogram synchronization.

The mediator effect of personality traits on the relationship between childhood abuse and depressive symptoms in schizophrenia.

Previous studies indicated that personality traits have a mediator effect on the relationship between childhood abuse and depressive symptoms in major depressive disorder and nonclinical general adult subjects. In the present study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that personality traits mediate the relationship between childhood abuse and depressive symptoms in schizophrenia. We used the following questionnaires to evaluate 255 outpatients with schizophrenia: the Child Abuse and Trauma Scale, temperament and character inventory, and Patients Health Questionnire-9.

Validity and reliability of the Cognitive Complaints in Bipolar Disorder Rating Assessment (COBRA) in Japanese patients with bipolar disorder.

In Japan, there are currently no reliable rating scales for the evaluation of subjective cognitive impairment in patients with bipolar disorder. We studied the relationship between the Japanese version of the Cognitive Complaints in Bipolar Disorder Rating Assessment (COBRA) and objective cognitive assessments in patients with bipolar disorder. We further assessed the reliability and validity of the COBRA.

Post-steroid neuropsychiatric manifestations are significantly more frequent in SLE compared with other systemic autoimmune diseases and predict better prognosis compared with de novo neuropsychiatric SLE.

In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), neuropsychiatric (NP) symptoms sometimes occur after administration of corticosteroids, making differential diagnosis between NPSLE and steroid-induced psychosis challenging for clinicians. The aim of this study was to clarify the characteristics of post-steroid NP disease (PSNP) in patients with SLE. Clinical courses of 146 patients with SLE and 162 with other systemic autoimmune diseases, all in the absence of NP manifestations on admission, were retrospectively analyzed.

Different P50 sensory gating measures reflect different cognitive dysfunctions in schizophrenia.

The P50 is an early component of auditory evoked potentials and a measure of sensory gating deficits. This evoked potential component is thought to be an important endophenotype candidate for schizophrenia. Recent research suggests that instead of the P50 ratio, S1 and S2 amplitudes should be evaluated for sensory gating.

[A multicenter study regarding schizophrenia patients' notification of the diagnosis].

Over 10 years have passed since the Japanese term for "schizophrenia" was changed from "seishin-bunretsu-byo" to "togo-shiccho-sho" in 2002. An awareness survey targeting doctors suggested that notification of the diagnosis has been encouraged since the Japanese name for schizophrenia was changed. However, no heuristic surveys targeting patients themselves have clarified an increased notification rate, and no multicenter studies of the notification rates have been conducted in recent years.

The relationship between insight and subjective experience in schizophrenia.

Objectives: To examine the relationship between level of insight and various subjective experiences for patients with schizophrenia.

Materials And Methods: Seventy-four patients with schizophrenia who were discharged from our hospital were evaluated. The level of insight into their illness and various subjective experiences were evaluated at discharge.

Neurocognitive impairments and quality of life in unemployed patients with remitted major depressive disorder.

Quality of life (QOL) has been reported to be impaired in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), even after remission according to symptom rating scales. Although a relationship between QOL and neurocognitive dysfunction has been reported during depressive episodes, little is known about this relationship in remitted MDD patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between QOL and neurocognitive dysfunction in patients with remitted MDD while controlling for confounding factors.

Differences between bipolar and unipolar depression on Rorschach testing.

Background: The bipolar-unipolar distinction in patients with a major depressive episode is the most important issue related to the diagnosis and treatment of mood disorders, but remains unresolved. This study was undertaken to compare bipolar and unipolar depression on Rorschach testing using the Comprehensive System with reference to healthy Japanese controls.

Methods: Patients with bipolar or unipolar depression who had undergone the Rorschach test for routine clinical purposes were followed up naturalistically for a long period.