Development of branchial ionocytes in embryonic and larval stages of cloudy catshark, Scyliorhinus torazame.

In teleost fish, branchial ionocytes are important sites for osmoregulation and acid-base regulation by maintaining ionic balance in the body fluid. During the early developmental stages before the formation of the gills, teleost ionocytes are localized in the yolk-sac membrane and body skin. By comparing with teleost fish, much less is known about ionocytes in developing embryos of elasmobranch fish.

Extremely Poor Post-discharge Prognosis in Aspiration Pneumonia and Its Prognostic Factors: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

There is little evidence regarding the long-term prognosis of patients with aspiration pneumonia. This study aimed to investigate post-discharge survival time and prognostic factors in older patients hospitalized for aspiration pneumonia. This retrospective cohort study included patients aged ≥ 65 years hospitalized for aspiration pneumonia and discharged alive from a tertiary care hospital in Japan between April 2009 and September 2014.

Photo-Electro-Biochemical H Production Using the Carbon Material-Based Cathode Combined with Genetically Engineered Escherichia coli Whole-Cell Biocatalysis.

Abio/bio hybrids, which incorporate biocatalysts that promote efficient and selective material conversions under mild conditions into existing catalytic reactions, have attracted considerable attention for developing new catalytic systems. This study constructed a H -forming biocathode based on a carbon material combined with whole-cell biocatalysis of genetically-engineered-hydrogenase-overproducing Escherichia coli for the photoelectrochemical water splitting for clean H production. Low-cost and abundant carbon materials are generally not suitable for H -forming cathode due to their high overpotential for proton reduction; however, the combination of the reduction of an organic electron mediator on the carbon electrode and the H formation with the reduced mediator by the redox enzyme hydrogenase provides a H -forming cathodic reaction comparable to that of the noble metal electrode.

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-induced aortitis with temporal arteritis and monoarthritis.

We present the case of a patient in his 80s receiving gemcitabine-cisplatin therapy for bladder cancer who developed neutropenia and was treated with filgrastim. In 10 days, the patient developed a mild fever with left jaw claudication and right knee arthritis. Contrast-enhanced CT findings indicated aortitis.

Multimorbidity patterns and the relation to self-rated health among older Japanese people: a nationwide cross-sectional study.

Objectives: Classifying individuals into multimorbidity patterns can be useful to identify the target population with poorer clinical outcomes. Self-rated health (SRH) is one of the core outcomes in multimorbidity patients. Although studies have reported that multimorbidity is associated with poor SRH, whether certain patterns have stronger associations remains unknown.

Effectiveness of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in preventing pneumonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to re-evaluate the effectiveness of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) in the reduction of pneumonia risk. We searched relevant publications in five databases. All studies included patients older than 18 years, who had used ACE-I as an intervention, and had assessed pneumonia.

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma causing hypopituitarism and respiratory failure due to infiltration into pulmonary capillaries.

We report a rare case of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) with hypopituitarism and respiratory failure. A man in his 80s presented with hypotension and respiratory failure but was unsuccessfully treated for septic shock. Biological investigations were performed, and he was diagnosed with hypopituitarism due to insufficient secretion of anterior pituitary hormone.

Transition-Metal-Free O-Arylation of Alcohols and Phenols with -Arylphenothiaziniums.

Herein, we report the transition-metal-free O-arylation of alcohols and phenols with -arylphenothiaziniums, which can be easily synthesized from boronic acids. Aryl substituents derived from arylboronic acids were selectively introduced into the hydroxy groups in alcohols and phenols, and a variety of aryl ethers were synthesized. This selectivity is supported by theoretical calculations.

Molecular mechanism of nutrient uptake in developing embryos of oviparous cloudy catshark (Scyliorhinus torazame).

Forms of embryonic nutrition are highly diverse in cartilaginous fishes, which contain oviparity, yolk-sac viviparity and several types of matrotrophic viviparity (histotrophy, oophagy, and placentotrophy). The molecular mechanisms of embryonic nutrition are poorly understood in these animals as few species are capable of reproducing in captivity. Oviparous cartilaginous fishes solely depend on yolk nutrients for their growth and development.

-Methylphenothiazine -Oxide Enabled Oxidative C(sp)-C(sp) Coupling of Boronic Acids with Organolithiums via Phenothiaziniums.

Herein, we report the development of a transition-metal-free oxidative C(sp)-C(sp) coupling of readily available boronic acids and organolithiums via phenothiazinium ions. Various biaryl, styrene, and diene derivatives were obtained using this reaction system. The key to this process is -methylphenothiazine -oxide (PTZSO), which allows efficient conversion of boronic acids to phenothiazinium ions.

PD-L1 on mast cells suppresses effector CD8 T-cell activation in the skin in murine contact hypersensitivity.

Background: The programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway is known to inhibit the activation of effector CD8 T cells. However, just how this regulatory pathway is involved in the pathophysiology of CD8 T-cell-mediated inflammatory skin diseases remains unclear.

Objective: Our aim was to elucidate the mechanisms by which the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway exerts its regulatory roles in CD8 T-cell-mediated cutaneous immune responses.

Enhanced image sensing with avalanche multiplication in hybrid structure of crystalline selenium photoconversion layer and CMOSFETs.

The recent improvements of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors are playing an essential role in emerging high-definition video cameras, which provide viewers with a stronger sensation of reality. However, the devices suffer from decreasing sensitivity due to the shrinkage of pixels. We herein address this problem by introducing a hybrid structure comprising crystalline-selenium (c-Se)-based photoconversion layers and 8 K resolution (7472 × 4320 pixels) CMOS field-effect transistors (FETs) to amplify signals using the avalanche multiplication of photogenerated carriers.

Photo-biohydrogen Production by Photosensitization with Biologically Precipitated Cadmium Sulfide in Hydrogen-Forming Recombinant Escherichia coli.

An inorganic-biological hybrid system that integrates features of both stable and efficient semiconductors and selective and efficient enzymes is attractive for facilitating the conversion of solar energy to hydrogen. In this study, we aimed to develop a new photocatalytic hydrogen-production system based on Escherichia coli whole-cell genetically engineered as a biocatalysis for highly active hydrogen formation. The photocatalysis part was obtained by bacterial precipitation of cadmium sulfide (CdS), which is a visible-light-responsive semiconductor.

Morphological and functional development of the spiral intestine in cloudy catshark ().

Cartilaginous fish have a comparatively short intestine known as the spiral intestine that consists of a helical spiral of intestinal mucosa. However, morphological and functional development of the spiral intestine has not been fully described. Unlike teleosts, cartilaginous fish are characterized by an extremely long developmental period or ; for example, in the oviparous cloudy catshark (), the developing fish remains inside the egg capsule for up to 6 months, suggesting that the embryonic intestine may become functional prior to hatching.

Spectroscopic Evidence for Acid-Catalyzed Disproportionation Reaction of Oxoiron(IV) Porphyrin to Oxoiron(IV) Porphyrin π-Cation Radical and Iron(III) Porphyrin.

The disproportionation reaction of oxoiron(IV) porphyrin complex () to oxoiron(IV) porphyrin π-cation radical complex () and iron(III) porphyrin complex () have been proposed in various reactions. However, there have been no report that clarifies the disproportionation reaction spectroscopically. Here, we show direct evidence for the disproportionation reaction of with absorption, H NMR, and EPR spectroscopy.

Pattern of fin rays along the antero-posterior axis based on their connection to distal radials.

Background: Teleost paired fins are composed of two endoskeletal domains, proximal and distal radials, and an exoskeletal domain, the fin ray. The zebrafish pectoral fin displays elaborately patterned radials along the anteroposterior (AP) axis. Radials are considered homologous to tetrapod limb skeletons, and their patterning mechanisms in embryonic development are similar to those of limb development.

Comprehensive analysis of genes contributing to euryhalinity in the bull shark, ; Na-Cl co-transporter is one of the key renal factors upregulated in acclimation to low-salinity environment.

Most cartilaginous fishes live principally in seawater (SW) environments, but a limited number of species including the bull shark, , inhabit both SW and freshwater (FW) environments during their life cycle. Euryhaline elasmobranchs maintain high internal urea and ion levels even in FW environments, but little is known about the osmoregulatory mechanisms that enable them to maintain internal homeostasis in hypoosmotic environments. In the present study, we focused on the kidney because this is the only organ that can excrete excess water from the body in a hypoosmotic environment.