Synergistic effects of hierarchical porous structures and ultra-high pyridine nitrogen doping enhance the oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalytic performance of metal-free laminated lignin-based carbon.

Construction of non-metallic biomass-carbon based catalysts for fuel cell air cathode applications has attracted great attention in recent years. In this work, a convenient and clean technique was developed to fabrication nitrogen-doped lignin-based hierarchical porous lamellar carbon (N-LHPC) via lignin as the carbon precursor, melamine/urea as the nitrogen source and ZnCO.2HO as the chemical activator.

Opposite Beet Cyst Nematode Infection Phenotypes of Transgenic Arabidopsis Between Overexpressing and and Between Overexpressing and .

The (an ) and are two major cloned genes conferring soybean cyst nematode resistance in Peking-type soybeans, but the application of and in cyst nematode management remains elusive. In this study, and , together with their orthologs in Arabidopsis, (an ) and , were individually transformed into Arabidopsis Col-0 to generate the transgenic lines, and the growth of transgenic plants, beet cyst nematode (BCN) infection phenotypes, and , , and expression patterns were analyzed using Arabidopsis-BCN compatible interaction system, in addition with protein-protein interaction assay. Pulldown and BiFC assays revealed that GmSNAP18 and GmSHMT08 interacted with AtSHMT4 and AtSNAP2, respectively.