Medication use and risk of reflux oesophagitis.

Objective: Reflux oesophagitis (RO) is one of the most common diseases encountered by gastroenterologists and primary care physicians. However, few epidemiological studies have investigated the association of medication use and RO. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of RO and its risk factors, particularly with respect to medication use.

A mathematical simulation model to determine the optimal endoscopic screening strategy for detection of H. pylori-naïve gastric neoplasms.

Background: The effectiveness of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) screening in cohorts with low Helicobacter pylori prevalence is unknown. This study aimed to develop an optimally efficient EGD screening strategy for detecting H. pylori-naïve gastric neoplasms (HpNGNs).

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Constipation Symptoms among Patients Undergoing Colonoscopy: A Single-Center Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal symptoms. It may compromise quality of life and social functioning and result in increased healthcare use and costs. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of constipation symptoms, as well as those of refractory constipation symptoms among patients who underwent colonoscopy.

Miliary tuberculosis diagnosed by diffuse hepatic uptake on PET/CT and transjugular liver biopsy.

The patient was an 81-year-old man. In his 20s, he had been treated with pharmacotherapy for pulmonary tuberculosis for 1 year. He presented to the Department of Respiratory Medicine with a chief complaint of dyspnea.

Main causes of death in advanced biliary tract cancer.

Background: There are no previous reports on the main causes of death in biliary tract cancer (BTC) patients. This study aimed to evaluate the main causes of death and survival rates in patients with BTC.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 143 patients who were diagnosed with unresectable BTC between August 2010 and March 2020.

Gastrointestinal endoscopy trends in a designated hospital for specified infectious diseases in Japan during the dawn of the "living with COVID-19" era.

January 2020 marked the very early period of SARS-CoV-2's arrival in Japan. At the time, we immediately and strictly adopted the use of enhanced PPE, including a N95, gown, gloves, eye protection, and an apron, during every endoscopic procedure for every patient, with or without COVID-19. One reason why we use enhanced PPE for every patient is because all endoscopic procedures should be considered aerosol-generating procedures, and another reason is that asymptomatic patients with COVID-19 cannot be identified during a pandemic.

[FIP1L1::PDGFRA-positive chronic eosinophilic leukemia presenting with multiple ulcers of oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract].

A 66-year-old man developed multiple erosions and pain in the lips and mouth, fever, and black stools. There was persistent bleeding from the lip erosions. When he was admitted to our hospital, his white blood cell count increased to 53,420/µl with 3% eosinophils, and hemoglobin decreased to 3.

Molecular and clinicopathological analysis of three cases of gastric juvenile polyposis.

Background And Aim: Juvenile polyposis (JP) is a rare disease known to be associated with mutations either in /. JP is known to often develop into malignant tumors, with a reported probability of 9-50%. However, the mechanisms of its carcinogenesis are not fully understood.

Clinicopathological and mutational analysis of esophageal basaloid squamous cell carcinoma.

Esophageal basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (EBSCC) is a poorly differentiated variant of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We aimed to investigate the clinicopathological and molecular biological characteristics of EBSCC and enrolled 58 patients with EBSCCs. Clinicopathological factors including age, sex, tumor size and location, gross tumor type (superficial, protrusive, ulcerative, and unclassifiable), lymphovascular invasion, infiltrative growth, intramural invasion, TNM stage, and dominant histological type were examined.

Endoscopic resection for gastrointestinal tumors (esophageal, gastric, colorectal tumors): Japanese standard and future prospects.

Endoscopic resection (ER) techniques such as polypectomy, endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) are widely accepted as a less invasive treatment for gastrointestinal (GI) tumors. Since there is a limit to the size that can be resected by EMR and it is often divided, it is not possible to accurately evaluate the degree of cancer progression, and the cancer remains or causes recurrence. ESD is a technology that overcomes these weaknesses.

[Successful treatment with cidofovir for disseminated adenovirus infection accompanied by hemophagocytic syndrome and meningitis in an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipient].

A 65-year-old woman received bone marrow transplantation from an HLA-DRB1 one locus mismatched donor for high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome. On day 237 after transplantation, she developed recurrent acute gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease and adenoviral hemorrhagic cystitis. Hence, the methylprednisolone (mPSL) dose was increased to 2 mg/kg, and mesenchymal stem cells were administered.

Molecular Characteristics of Lymphocyte-predominant Triple-negative Breast Cancer.

Background/aim: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are considered a prognostic marker for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based treatments are more effective for tumors with PD-L1-positive TILs, suggesting crucial roles of TILs in the local tumor immunity. However, factors attracting TILs are still largely unknown.

Molecular and clinicopathological features of appendiceal mucinous neoplasms.

Appendiceal mucinous tumors (AMTs) include low-grade mucinous appendiceal neoplasms (LAMNs), high-grade mucinous appendiceal neoplasms (HAMNs), and mucinous adenocarcinomas (MACs). We collected 51 AMT samples (LAMN: 34, HAMN: 8, MAC: 9). Three of the eight HAMN cases contained LAMN components, and four out of nine MAC cases contained LAMN and/or HAMN components within the tumor.

Clinicopathological and mutational differences between tumors with multiple metastases and single lung metastasis in colorectal cancer.

Cancer metastasis, particularly multiple metastatic cancer, is a significant event that affects patient prognosis. However, single metastasis can be treated by partial resection, although the clinicopathological and molecular profile of single lung metastasis has not been thoroughly elucidated. The present study examined tumor heterogeneity by comparing the mutation status between primary colorectal cancer (CRC) and corresponding metastatic lesions to identify prognostic factors associated with single lung metastasis and multiple metastases.

Molecular and clinicopathological features of colorectal adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation.

Background: Colorectal adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation (CAED) is a rare subtype of colorectal malignancy with expression of enteroblastic markers (glypican 3, SALL4, AFP); however, the clinicopathological and epidemiological features are not fully elucidated.

Aims: The aims of this study were to elucidate and establish the molecular and clinicopathological characteristics of CAED.

Materials And Methods: In addition to three cases recently diagnosed as CAED, colorectal carcinoma (CRC) with expression of enteroblastic markers were selected by using immunohistochemistry (IHC) on tissue microarrays of 988 advanced CRC.

[Successful delivery after chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia diagnosed in the second trimester].

Development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) during pregnancy is rare, and the available data are limited to small retrospective reports. Currently, no guidelines exist for the management of AML during pregnancy in Japan. A 26-year-old female was diagnosed with AML at 19 weeks of gestation, received chemotherapy with daunorubicin and cytarabine, and achieved complete remission.

Molecular and clinicopathological analyses of esophageal carcinosarcoma with special reference to morphological change.

The molecular pathogenesis of esophageal carcinosarcoma (ECS) has not been fully investigated. This study includes 16 consequent cases of surgically resected ECS. Genetic alterations were independently examined for carcinoma in situ, carcinomatous, and sarcomatous areas.

Frequent loss of heterozygosity of SMAD4 locus and prognostic impacts of SMAD4 immunohistochemistry in gastric adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation.

Gastric adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation (GAED) is a rare variant of gastric adenocarcinoma. Clinicopathologically, GAED is known to be aggressive and is characterized by frequent vascular invasion, lymphatic invasion, and liver metastasis even in early stages. SMAD4 was identified as a frequently deleted gene in GAED by copy number variation analysis in our previous next-generation sequencing study; therefore, we examined the clinicopathological impacts of SMAD4 in 51 cases of GAEDs (early: 17, advanced: 34).

[Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia relapsing with an anterior chamber lesion of the eye].

A 48-year-old Filipino woman underwent umbilical cord blood stem cell transplantation for Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia under non-remission status. Left aqueous humor puncture was performed owing to the development of left eye pain and exacerbation of anterior eye chamber inflammation 72 days after the transplantation; this revealed the relapse of leukemia in the anterior chamber. Subsequently, the patient tested positive for peripheral blood minimal residual disease.

TP53 inactivation and expression of methylation-associated proteins in gastric adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation.

Gastric adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation (GAED) is a rare variant of aggressive adenocarcinoma. We demonstrated previously that GAED is genetically characterized by frequent TP53 mutation. In this study, we aimed to further clarify the mechanism of inactivation of TP53 in GAED in the light of promoter methylation of TP53, and expression of methylation-associated proteins such as Ten-eleven translocation (TET) 1 and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmc) in addition to ATM mutations.

White opaque substance visualized by magnifying narrow-band imaging is associated with intragastric acid conditions.

Background And Study Aims:  The presence of white opaque substance (WOS) is an endoscopic marker of intestinal metaplasia. Considering that the nature of WOS is absorbed lipid droplets, lipase plays an important role in the lipid absorption process and is inactivated at strong acidity. WOS may only be present in a hypochlorhydria state following infection, and, thus, may not be highly sensitive marker, especially in eradicated patients.

Next-generation sequencing analysis for gastric adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation: emphasis on the relationship with hepatoid adenocarcinoma.

Histologically tubulopapillary structures with glycogen-rich clear cytoplasm in gastric adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation (GAED) are well known, but a solid growth pattern can also be observed as a minor component. In contrast, hepatoid adenocarcinoma (HAC) of the stomach shows many overlapping features, including solid pattern and α-fetoprotein expression. In this study, we employed next-generation sequencing (NGS) to establish a molecular/clinicopathological concept of GAED and clarify whether these two tumors should be grouped together in one category.

Non-small cell lung carcinoma with diffuse coexpression of thyroid transcription factor-1 and ΔNp63/p40.

Here, we present a case of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) with widespread and strong nuclear immunopositivity for both thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) and ΔNp63/p40 (p40). Double immunofluorescence for TTF-1 and p40 showed coexpression of both markers in the tumor cells. Furthermore, PTEN (pHis123Asp) and TP53 (pVal272Leu) mutations were identified as possible mitogenic driver mutations by next-generation sequencing.

Long-term retention of adalimumab treatment and associated prognostic factors for 1189 patients with Crohn's disease.

Background And Aim: There are few studies on the long-term efficacy of adalimumab treatment for patients with Crohn's disease. We have conducted a large, multicenter, retrospective cohort study to evaluate the long-term retention rate and prognostic factors associated with the discontinuation of adalimumab treatment in patients with Crohn's disease.

Methods: Data were collected from all patients with Crohn's disease who had received at least one induction dose of 160 mg of adalimumab between October 2010 and December 2013 at 41 institutions.