Epidemiology and virulence-associated genes of isolates and factors associated with toxin EIA results at a university hospital in Japan.

Introduction: is one of the most important nosocomial pathogens; however, reports regarding its clinical and molecular characteristics from Japan are scarce.

Aims: We studied the multilocus sequence typing (MLST)-based epidemiology and virulence-associated genes of isolates and the clinical backgrounds of patients from whom the isolates had been recovered.

Methods: A total of 105 stool samples tested in a toxin enzyme immune assay (EIA) were analysed at the University of Tokyo Hospital from March 2013 to July 2014.

Prevalence and characteristics of fecal antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in a cohort of Japanese men undergoing prostate biopsy.

Objectives: To examine resistant Escherichia coli in rectal swab culture of Japanese men undergoing prostate biopsy, and to determine its prevalence, genotypic characteristics and carriage risk factors.

Methods: Rectal swabs of consecutive men undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy from April 2013 to March 2015 were cultured to isolate fluoroquinolone-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli.

Diagnosing Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea using enzyme immunoassay: the clinical significance of toxin negativity in glutamate dehydrogenase-positive patients.

Purpose: The enzyme immunoassay (EIA) has lower sensitivity for Clostridium difficile toxins A and B than the polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of C. difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD). Furthermore, toxin positivity with EIA performed on C.

Clinical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility of Bacillus cereus blood stream infections.

Background: Bacillus cereus is one of the pathogens causing nosocomial bloodstream infections (BSIs). However, few reports have documented the antimicrobial susceptibility and clinical characteristics of Bacillus cereus BSI and the importance of empirical therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility of B.