GABAergic circuit interaction between central amygdala and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in lipopolysaccharide-induced despair-like behavior.

Hyperexcitability of central amygdala (CeA) induces depressive symptoms. The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) receives GABAergic input from the CeA. However, it remains unclear whether the GABAergic neurons in the CeA projecting to BNST contribute to major depression.

Incomplete Elongation of Ultra-long-chain Polyunsaturated Acyl-CoAs by the Fatty Acid Elongase ELOVL4 in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 34.

Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are autosomal dominant diseases characterized by cerebellar atrophy and ataxia. The SCA subtype SCA34 is caused by specific mutations in the gene , which encodes a fatty acid (FA) elongase that synthesizes ultra-long-chain (ULC; ≥C26) FAs. However, the pathogenesis and molecular mechanism that confers dominant inheritance remains unknown.

Homologous recombination is reduced in female embryonic stem cells by two active X chromosomes.

The reactivation of X-linked genes is observed in some primary breast tumors. Two active X chromosomes are also observed in female embryonic stem cells (ESCs), but whether double doses of X-linked genes affect DNA repair efficiency remains unclear. Here, we establish isogenic female/male ESCs and show that the female ESCs are more sensitive to camptothecin and have lower gene targeting efficiency than male ESCs, suggesting that homologous recombination (HR) efficiency is reduced in female ESCs.

Good prognosis for follicular lymphoma with estrogen receptor α-positive follicular dendritic cells.

Follicular lymphoma (FL) has a meshwork of follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). We previously demonstrated the presence of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) CD23 FDCs in grades 1-2 FL. The significance of FDCs as a prognostic factor in FL remains unknown.

Changes in Bile Acid Concentrations after Administration of Ketoconazole or Rifampicin to Chimeric Mice with Humanized Liver.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a common side effect of several medications and is considered a major factor responsible for the discontinuation of drugs during their development. Cholestasis is a DILI that results from impairment of bile acid transporters, such as the bile salt export pump (BSEP), leading to accumulation of bile acids. Both in vitro and in vivo studies are required to predict the risk of drug-induced cholestasis.

Differential expression of estrogen receptor-α on follicular dendritic cells from patients with grade 1-2 and grade 3 follicular lymphoma.

Hormone therapy has been used for patients with estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-positive breast cancers. Recently, some studies reported the expression of ERα on neoplastic cells from B-cell lymphomas. However, there has been only one report of ERα expression on the follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) that structurally and functionally support the microenvironment of follicular lymphomas (FLs).

Detection of Minimal Bone Marrow involvement of Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplastic Cells - CD303 immunostaining as a diagnostic tool.

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) neoplasm (BPDCN) is a relatively rare hematological malignancy with significantly complex clinicopathological features that are still unclear. This study aimed to analyze the clinicopathological data of BPDCN and evaluate immunohistochemical detection of minimal bone marrow (BM) involvement. In this study, we examined skin and BM lesions from 6 patients with BPDCN.

Assessment of amiodarone-induced phospholipidosis in chimeric mice with a humanized liver.

It is important to consider susceptibility to drug-induced toxicity between animals and humans. Chimeric mice with a humanized liver are expected to predict hepatotoxicity in humans. Drug-induced phospholipidosis (DIPL), in which phospholipids accumulate, is a known entity.

Antimutagenic Effects of Polymethoxy Flavonoids of Citrus unshiu.

Citrus fiits have been used as edible fruit and traditional medicine for various diseases such as cancer. In the courses of our study to find antimutagens, we have found that.the ethanolic extract of the peel of Citrus unshiu Marc showed antimutagenic effects against several mutagens in the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 strain.

Selective transport of microplastics and mesoplastics by drifting in coastal waters.

The quantity and size distributions of small plastic fragments in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan were investigated using field surveys and a numerical particle-tracking model. The model was used to interpret the distributions of small plastic fragments and the possible transport processes in coastal waters. Of note, the size and quantity of mesoplastics (approximately >5mm) gradually increased close to the coast irrespective of the existence of river mouths, which probably act as a major source of anthropogenic marine debris.

Comparison of regional differences in health indicators and standard mortality ratio for stroke in subjects in ehime prefecture.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate regional differences in the standard mortality ratio (SMR) and risk factors (including dietary habits) for stroke across the three regions of Ehime Prefecture - Toyo (east), Chuyo (central), and Nanyo (south).

Participants And Methods: We obtained medical records derived from 956,979 medical examinations carried out at JA Ehime Kouseiren Medical Examination Centers between April 1994 and March 2006. We analyzed data from 132,090 subjects (Toyo - 47,654, Chuyo - 38,435, Nanyo - 46,001) who underwent their first medical examination during this period.

A cross-sectional survey of factors influencing bone mass in junior high school students.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate factors influencing the osteo-sono assessment index (OSI) in junior high school students (boys, girls who had reached menarche, and girls who had not).

Methods: A total of 9,743 students (4,974 boys and 4,769 girls) in Ehime Prefecture participated in this study. We measured body mass index (BMI) and calcaneal bone mass using OSI.

Analysis of [(2)H7]methionine, [(2)H4]methionine, methionine, [(2)H4]homocysteine and homocysteine in plasma by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to follow the fate of administered [(2)H7]methionine.

Homocysteine plays a key role in several pathophysiological conditions. To assess the methionine-homocysteine kinetics by stable isotope methodology, we developed a simultaneous quantification method of [(2)H(7)]methionine, [(2)H(4)]methionine, methionine, [(2)H(4)]homocysteine and homocysteine in rat plasma by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). [(13)C]Methionine and [(13)C]homocysteine were used as analytical internal standards to account for losses associated with the extraction, derivatization and chromatography.

Volatile organic compounds with characteristic odor in bamboo vinegar.

Bamboo vinegar solutions had pHs of 2.5 to 2.8, and the amounts of organic constituents were estimated to be 2.