Influence of Psychotropic Drug Use on Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients with Schizophrenia.

Objective: In the treatment of patients with schizophrenia, (PRN) drugs are commonly prescribed for medical indications such as agitation, acute psychiatric symptoms, insomnia, and anxiety. However, high-quality evidence supporting the use of PRN medications is lacking, and these drugs are administered on the basis of clinical experience and habits. Therefore, the actual use of psychotropic PRN drugs and its influence on the patients' outcomes need to be investigated.

Behavior of Male Gamete Fusogen GCS1/HAP2 and the Regulation in Double Fertilization.

In the sexual reproduction of flowering plants, two independent fertilization events occur almost simultaneously: two identical sperm cells fuse with either the egg cell or the central cell, resulting in embryo and endosperm development to produce a seed. GCS1/HAP2 is a sperm cell membrane protein essential for plasma membrane fusion with both female gametes. Other sperm membrane proteins, DMP8 and DMP9, are more important for egg cell fertilization than that of the central cell, suggesting its regulatory mechanism in GCS1/HAP2-driving gamete membrane fusion.

Total Synthesis of Selligueain A, a Sweet Flavan Trimer.

The first total synthesis of selligueain A (4), a plant-derived sweet polyphenol, has been achieved. The key step was the de novo synthetic approach to the selectively protected epiafzelechin unit 10, which was divergently converted to three flavan units 7, 8, and 9. These components were combined by an orthogonal activation and annulation method, enabling assembly of the characteristic trimeric structure with single and double interflavan linkages.

Diphenylprolinol silyl ether catalyzed asymmetric Michael reaction of nitroalkanes and β,β-disubstituted α,β-unsaturated aldehydes for the construction of all-carbon quaternary stereogenic centers.

The asymmetric Michael reaction of nitroalkanes and β,β-disubstituted α,β-unsaturated aldehydes was catalyzed by diphenylprolinol silyl ether to afford 1,4-addition products with an all-carbon quaternary stereogenic center with excellent enantioselectivity. The reaction is general for β-substituents such as β-aryl and β-alkyl groups, and both nitromethane and nitroethane can be employed. The addition of nitroethane is considered a synthetic equivalent of the asymmetric Michael reaction of ethyl and acetyl substituents by means of radical denitration and Nef reaction, respectively.

In-situation safety behaviors among patients with panic disorder: descriptive and correlational study.

Aim: In-situation safety behaviors play an important role in the maintenance of anxiety because they prevent patients from experiencing unambiguous disconfirmation of their unrealistic beliefs about feared catastrophes. Strategies for identifying particular safety behaviors, however, have not been sufficiently investigated. The aims of the present study were to (i) develop a comprehensive list of safety behaviors seen in panic disorder and to examine their frequency; and (ii) correlate the safety behaviors with panic attack symptoms, agoraphobic situations and treatment response.

Distinct neuropsychological profiles of three major symptom dimensions in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Recent neuroimaging studies have suggested that different symptom dimensions are mediated by partially distinct neural systems in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, the correlations between neuropsychological profiles and symptom dimensions in OCD are unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the extent to which OCD symptom dimensions were associated with episodic memory and attention and executive functions.

Interoceptive hypersensitivity as prognostic factor among patients with panic disorder who have received cognitive behavioral therapy.

The efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in the acute-phase treatment of panic disorder is well established. However, there are data to show CBT may not always be able to prevent recurrence after treatment. The central cognitive component of panic disorder psychopathology is thought to be hypersensitivity to physical sensations.

Copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes with C-glycoside-pendant dipicolylamine (DPA)-amino acid conjugates.

A series of dipicolylamine (DPA)-functionalized amino acid ligands with a pendant C-glycosyl amide has been synthesized and complexed with Cu(II) and Zn(II). Amino acid derivatives equipped with a DPA unit were conjugated with C-glycosylamine prepared from acetobromoglucose in 4 steps. These ligands bind to metal ions as a N(3) or N(3)O chelate utilizing three DPA nitrogens and carbamoyl oxygen atoms.

Cognitive-behavior therapy for Japanese patients with panic disorder: acute phase and one-year follow-up results.

Aim: The aim of this paper is to report the outcomes and follow-up data of our cognitive behavioral therapy program for Japanese patients with panic disorder and to examine the baseline predictors of their outcomes.

Methods: Seventy outpatients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia were treated with manualized group cognitive behavioral therapy.

Results: Fourteen patients (20%) did not complete the program.

Sensitization of catastrophic cognition in cognitive-behavioral therapy for panic disorder.

Background: Cognitive model of panic disorder have proposed that panic attacks result from the catastrophic misinterpretation of certain bodily sensations. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for panic disorder aims to change these catastrophic cognitions. CBT intervention successfully caused reduction of catastrophic cognitions and symptomatic improvement in the majority of cases.