Dietary reference intake for military operations: a scoping review.

Background: Reports that collect and organize dietary reference intake (DRI) data for military operations in different countries and regions worldwide are limited.This scoping review aimed to collect and organize information on the status of formulating a DRI for military operations in each country.

Methodology: For the information search, we queried PubMed and Google for literature and reports on the DRI for military operations and summarized the content of the adopted literature and reports.

Effect of vegetable consumption with chewing on postprandial glucose metabolism in healthy young men: a randomised controlled study.

Although thorough chewing lowers postprandial glucose concentrations, research on the effectiveness of chewing vegetables in different forms on postprandial glucose metabolism remains limited. This study examined the effects of vegetables consumed in solid versus puree forms on postprandial glucose metabolism. Nineteen healthy young men completed two 180-min trials on separate days in a random order: the chewing trial involved the consumption of shredded cabbage with chewing and the non-chewing trial involved the consumption of pureed cabbage without chewing.

Rapid response to a COVID-19 outbreak at a nightclub in Kagoshima prefecture, Japan, in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, June and July 2020: A descriptive epidemiological study.

Introduction: During COVID-19 pandemic in Japan, nightclubs were identified as high-risk locations for COVID-19 outbreaks, but an outbreak investigation in this setting is challenging because of the anonymous and opportunistic nature of interactions.

Methods: The joint rapid response team collected epidemiological data, conducted descriptive epidemiology to determine the characteristics of cases associated with the nightclub, and implemented countermeasures. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests were performed by the Local Institute of Public Health, Kagoshima University, and several commercial laboratories.

Effects of energy loads on energy and nutrient absorption rates and gut microbiome in humans: A randomized crossover trial.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of different energy loads on the gut microbiota composition and the rates of energy and nutrient excretion via feces and urine.

Methods: A randomized crossover dietary intervention study was conducted with three dietary conditions: overfeeding (OF), control (CON), and underfeeding (UF). Ten healthy men were subjected to each condition for 8 days (4 days and 3 nights in nonlaboratory and laboratory settings each).

Relationship between intra-individual variability in nutrition-related lifestyle behaviors and blood glucose outcomes under free-living conditions in adults without type 2 diabetes.

Aims: This study determined the relationship between intra-individual variability in day-to-day nutrition-related lifestyle behaviors (meal timing, eating window, food intake, movement behaviors, sleep conditions, and body weight) and glycemic outcomes under free-living conditions in adults without type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We analyzed 104 adults without type 2 diabetes. During the 7-day measurement period, dietary intake, movement behaviors, sleep conditions, and glucose outcomes were assessed.

Determination of Optimal Daily Magnesium Intake among Physically Active People: A Scoping Review.

Little is known about the optimal daily magnesium (Mg) intake for individuals with high levels of physical activity. The aim of this study was to clarify the optimal dietary Mg intake for people with high levels of physical activity in a scoping review. In this review, we searched MEDLINE and Japan Medical Abstracts Society for studies published up to May 31, 2020.

The effects of acute and chronic oral l-arginine supplementation on exercise-induced ammonia accumulation and exercise performance in healthy young men: A randomised, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled trial.

Objective: This study examined the effects of a single and chronic oral intake of l-arginine supplementation on blood ammonia concentration and exercise performance.

Methods: Sixteen healthy young men (mean ± standard deviation, 23 ± 3 years) participated in a randomised, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled study. For the acute trials, the participants consumed 200 mL of water containing either l-arginine (5 g) or placebo (dextrin; 5.

Effects of oral cystine and glutamine on exercise-induced changes in gastrointestinal permeability and damage markers in young men.

Purpose: Although acute prolonged strenuous exercise has been shown to increase markers of gastrointestinal permeability and damage, little is known regarding the efficacy of nutritional supplement interventions on the attenuation of exercise-induced gastrointestinal syndrome. This study addressed the effects of oral amino acid supplementation on markers of gastrointestinal permeability and damage in response to exercise.

Methods: Sixteen active men aged 22.

Chewing increases postprandial diet-induced thermogenesis.

Slow eating, which involves chewing food slowly and thoroughly, is an effective strategy for controlling appetite in order to avoid being overweight or obese. Slow eating also has the effect of increasing postprandial energy expenditure (diet-induced thermogenesis). It is still unclear whether this is due to oral stimuli; that is, the duration of tasting food in the mouth and the duration of chewing.

Gum chewing while walking increases walking distance and energy expenditure: A randomized, single-blind, controlled, cross-over study.

Background/objective: Gum chewing while walking increases walking distance and energy expenditure in middle-aged male and female individuals. This study aimed to examine the effects of gum chewing while walking on walking distance and energy metabolism in male and female individuals of various age groups.

Methods: Fifty participants (25 male and 25 female individuals) aged 22-69 years completed two trials in a random order.

The effects of different temperatures of post-exercise protein-containing drink on gastric motility and energy intake in healthy young men.

The present study examined the effects of different temperatures of protein-containing drink after exercise on subsequent gastric motility and energy intake in healthy young men. Twelve healthy young men completed three, 1-d trials in a random order. In all trials, the subjects ran on a treadmill for 30 min at 80% of maximum heart rate.

The chronic effect of physical activity on postprandial triglycerides in postmenopausal women: A randomized controlled study.

Objective: This study examined the chronic effect of increased physical activity on postprandial triglycerides in older women.

Methods: Twenty-six women, aged 72 ± 5 years (mean ± SD), participated in this study. Participants in the physical activity group (n = 11) were asked to increase their activities above their usual lifestyle levels for 12 weeks.

Correction to: Energy replacement diminishes the postprandial triglyceride‑lowering effect from accumulated walking in older women.

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The error of NEFA AUC values in first (mean and 95% CI) and the main text (effect size and 95% CI).

Energy replacement diminishes the postprandial triglyceride-lowering effect from accumulated walking in older women.

Purpose: Dietary replacement of an acute exercise-induced energy deficit offsets the postprandial triglyceride (TG)-lowering effect of exercise in young boys and middle-aged men. It is unclear whether these findings are observed when exercise is accumulated in older adults. This study examined the effect of accumulating short bouts of exercise, with and without dietary replacement of an exercise-induced energy deficit, on postprandial TG in older women.

High-intensity cycling re-warm up within a very short time-frame increases the subsequent intermittent sprint performance.

This study investigated the effect of high-intensity cycling re-warm up (RW) within a very short time-frame on the subsequent intermittent sprint performance. Twelve active males completed three trials in random order: control (CON); 3-min RW at 30% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO) (RW30); and 1-min RW at 90% of VO (RW90). During the experimental trials, participants performed 40-min intermittent cycling exercise followed by 15-min rest.

The effects of pre-meal drink volume on gastric motility and energy intake in healthy men.

Pre-meal drink ingestion is an effective method of controlling energy intake in humans. However, no studies have addressed the influence of differences in the volume of drink intake on gastric motility and energy intake. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of differences in the volume of drink intake before a meal on subsequent gastric motility and energy intake in healthy young men.

The effects of isomaltulose ingestion on gastric parameters and cycling performance in young men.

Background/objective: Isomaltulose is a disaccharide with a low glycaemic index and plays a role in maintaining postprandial glucose. The maintenance of glucose availability during prolonged exercise has been shown to enhance exercise performance. The present study compared the effects of pre-exercise isomaltulose versus maltodextrin ingestion on gastric parameters and cycling performance in young men.

Gum chewing while walking increases fat oxidation and energy expenditure.

[Purpose] Although gum chewing while walking has been reported to increase walking speed and heart rate, its effect on energy expenditure remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of gum chewing while walking on fat oxidation, energy expenditure, and different walking parameters. [Participants and Methods] This randomized crossover study included 10 males and 5 females who walked for 15 min at their own pace while chewing 2 pieces of gum in the gum trial or while eating 2 tablets in the control trial.

The effects of water temperature on gastric motility and energy intake in healthy young men.

Purpose: Although immediate pre-meal water ingestion has been shown to reduce energy intake in healthy young men, no studies are available regarding potential mechanisms underlying the effect of energy intake in response to different temperatures of pre-meal water ingestion. This study examined the effects of consuming different temperatures of water on gastric motility and energy intake in healthy young men.

Methods: Eleven young men were completed three, 1-day trials in a random order.

Very-Short-Duration, Low-Intensity Half-Time Re-warm up Increases Subsequent Intermittent Sprint Performance.

Yanaoka, T, Hamada, Y, Kashiwabara, K, Kurata, K, Yamamoto, R, Miyashita, M, and Hirose, N. Very-short-duration, low-intensity half-time re-warm up increases subsequent intermittent sprint performance. J Strength Cond Res 32(11): 3258-3266, 2018-This study investigated the effect of very-short-duration, low-intensity half-time re-warm up (RW) on subsequent intermittent sprint performance.

The effects of gum chewing while walking on physical and physiological functions.

[Purpose] This study examined the effects of gum chewing while walking on physical and physiological functions. [Subjects and Methods] This study enrolled 46 male and female participants aged 21-69 years. In the experimental trial, participants walked at natural paces for 15 minutes while chewing two gum pellets after a 1-hour rest period.

Objective and Subjective Eating Speeds Are Related to Body Composition and Shape in Female College Students.

Eating speed reportedly relates to body composition and shape. Little is known about the relationship between the objectively assessed eating speed and the body composition and shape. This study examined relationships between eating speed as assessed both objectively and subjectively, and body composition and shape.