HLA-DRB5 Overexpression Promotes Platelet Reduction in Immune Thrombocytopenia Mice Model by Facilitating MHC-II-Mediated Antigen Presentation.

Introduction: Major histocompatibility complex II (MHC-II)-mediated antigen presentation contributes to the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB5 is an MHC-II molecule and this study aims to investigate its role and mechanisms in ITP development.

Methods: Guinea pig anti-mouse platelet (PLT) serum-induced ITP mice received tail vein injection of HLA-DRB5 overexpressing adenoviral vector/immune receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (IREM-1) monoclonal antibody (mAb).

Investigation of rare earth-based magnetic nanocomposites for specific enrichment of exosomes from human plasma.

Exosomes, also known as small extracellular vesicles, are widely present in a variety of body fluids (e.g., blood, urine, and saliva).

Isoform-specific recognition of phosphopeptides by molecular imprinting nanoparticles with double-binding mode.

Phosphorylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications of proteins, but due to the low abundance of phosphopeptides, enrichment is an essential step before mass spectrometric analysis. Although there are a number of enrichment methods developed targeting different forms of proteins phosphorylations, there are few reports on specific recognition and capture of single phosphopeptide. Herein, based on the advantages of dual affinity of TiO and urea to a phosphate group and molecular imprinting towards the peptide sequence, the precise recognition of intact phosphorylated peptides was successfully achieved.