Leveraging Deep Learning in Real-Time Intelligent Bladder Tumor Detection During Cystoscopy: A Diagnostic Study.

Background: Accurate detection of bladder lesions during cystoscopy is crucial for early tumor diagnosis and recurrence monitoring. However, conventional visual inspection methods have low and inconsistent detection rates. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the HRNetV2 deep learning model for intelligent bladder lesion detection, focusing on its performance at different image resolutions.

Regulation of Electron and Mass Transport Pathways in Efficient and Stable Low-Loading PEM Water Electrolyzers.

Improving the utilization of iridium in proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyzer is critical in reducing their cost for future development. Titanium dioxide (TiO) has notable electrochemical stability at high operating potential and has been developed as a promising support of iridium-based OER nano-catalysts. However, limited by insufficient conductivity, the iridium content on TiO support catalysts is normally above 50 wt.

Advances in chemically modified HSA as a multifunctional carrier for transforming cancer therapy regimens.

Human serum albumin (HSA) is a versatile, biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic, and non-immunogenic protein nanocarrier, making it an ideal platform for developing advanced drug delivery systems. These properties have garnered significant attention in utilizing HSA nanoparticles for the safe and efficient delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. HSA-based nanoparticles can be surface-modified with various ligands to enable tumor-targeted drug delivery, enhancing therapeutic specificity and efficacy.

Disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis and permeability transition pore opening in OPA1 iPSC-derived retinal ganglion cells.

Dominant optic atrophy (DOA) is the most common inherited optic neuropathy, characterised by the selective loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Over 60% of DOA cases are caused by pathogenic variants in the OPA1 gene, which encodes a dynamin-related GTPase protein. OPA1 plays a key role in the maintenance of the mitochondrial network, mitochondrial DNA integrity and bioenergetic function.

5-HT orchestrates Histone Serotonylation and Citrullination to Drive Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Liver Metastasis.

Serotonin (5-HT) is a neurotransmitter that has been linked to tumorigenesis. Whether and how 5-HT modulates cells in the microenvironment to regulate tumor metastasis remains to be largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that 5-HT is secreted by neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) cells to communicate with neutrophils and to induce neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the liver, which in turn facilitates the recruitment of disseminated cancer cells and promotes liver metastasis.

A fluorinated prodrug strategy enhances the therapeutic index of nanoparticle-delivered hydrophilic drugs.

The low therapeutic index of hydrophilic drugs with potent pharmacological effects limits their effectiveness and clinical application. A common strategy to enhance hydrophilic drug delivery involves combining amphiphilic prodrugs with nanoparticle delivery systems; however, this approach often fails to overcome exclusion by stem cell-like circulating tumor cells (CTCs). This study introduces a fluorinated prodrug strategy designed to enhance intracellular protein interactions and reduce this exclusion.

Interactions of non-starch polysaccharides with the gut microbiota and the effect of non-starch polysaccharides with different structures on the metabolism of the gut microbiota: A review.

Humans consume large amounts of non-starch polysaccharides(NPs) daily. Some NPs, not absorbed by the body, proceed to the intestines. An increasing number of studies reveal a close relationship between NPs and gut microbiota(GM) that impact the human body.

Progress of cGAS-STING signaling pathway-based modulation of immune response by traditional Chinese medicine in clinical diseases.

The cGAS-STING signaling pathway is a critical component of the innate immune response, playing a significant role in various diseases. As a central element of this pathway, STING responds to both endogenous and exogenous DNA stimuli, triggering the production of interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines to enhance immune defenses against tumors and pathogens. However, dysregulated activation of the STING pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, including autoinflammation, viral infections, and cancer.

Enhancement of volatile fatty acids to extremely high content in fermentation of food waste: Optimization of conditions, microbial functional genes, and mechanisms.

The engineering application of volatile fatty acids (VFA) production from food waste (FW) can significantly enhance resource utilization. Enhancing VFA production is crucial for advancing this engineering application. This study presented a economically-feasible method to achieve high VFA production from FW: Conducting fermentation at pH 9 and 37 ℃ with addition of 20 % anaerobic sludge significantly increased the conversion of FW to VFAs (80.

Investigation of chromatin remodeling-related biomarkers and associated molecular mechanism in pulpitis.

The current study aimed to identify potential chromatin remodeling-related biomarkers and the associated molecular mechanisms in pulpitis. Differentially expressed genes associated with chromatin remodeling (DECRGs) were identified using datasets from an online database. Enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses were performed based on the DECRGs to identify biomarkers for pulpitis, followed by GSEA (gene set enrichment analysis).

Supraclavicular lymph node metastasis should not be defined as regional lymph node metastasis in cervical and upper thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

The importance of supraclavicular lymph node (SCLN) metastasis in cervical and upper thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has not been determined. The aim of the present study was to provide a detailed definition of the range of SCLN regions and to explore whether SCLNs should be considered as a regional lymph nodes for patients with cervical and upper thoracic ESCC. A retrospective analysis was performed on 230 patients with locally advanced cervical or upper thoracic ESCC who underwent radical radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Hyaluronic acid nanoparticles for targeted oral delivery of doxorubicin: Lymphatic transport and CD44 engagement.

The oral delivery of doxorubicin (DOX), an anti-cancer drug, encounters multiple hurdles such as limited gastrointestinal permeability, P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux, brief intestinal residence, and rapid degradation. This study introduced a novel approach utilizing hyaluronic acid (HA)-grafted fatty acid monoglycerides (HGD) to encapsulate DOX, forming HGD-DOX nanoparticles, aimed at enhancing its oral bioavailability. Drug encapsulated by HGD provided several advantages, including extended drug retention in the gastrointestinal tract, controlled release kinetics, and promotion of lymphatic absorption in the intestine.

The efficacy and safety of rituximab with or without glucocorticoid in inducing remission of MCD with different clinical presentations in adults: a retrospective study.

Background: To investigate the efficacy and safety of rituximab (RTX) with or without glucocorticoid (GC) in inducing remission of minimal change disease (MCD) in adults.

Methods: Twenty-one adult MCD patients were included in the study. The patients were assigned to the following three groups according to their background before RTX treatment: an RTX single drug direct induction treatment group (Group A;  = 9), a short-term, low-dose GC combined with RTX induction treatment group (Group B;  = 4), and a short-term, adequate-dose GC-induced remission and RTX maintenance treatment group (Group C;  = 8).

Nutrient deficiency patterns and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in older adults with hypertension: a latent class analysis.

Background: Previous researches examining the impact of dietary nutrition on mortality risk have mainly focused on individual nutrients, however the interaction of these nutrients has not been considered. The purpose of this study was to identify of nutrient deficiencies patterns and analyze their potential impact on mortality risk in older adults with hypertension.

Methods: We included participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) study.

The therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine on breast cancer through modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Breast cancer, the most prevalent malignant tumor among women globally, is significantly influenced by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which plays a crucial role in its initiation and progression. While conventional chemotherapy, the standard clinical treatment, suffers from significant drawbacks like severe side effects, high toxicity, and limited prognostic efficacy, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) provides a promising alternative. TCM employs a multi-targeted therapeutic approach, which results in fewer side effects and offers a high potential for effective treatment.

Interactive association of the dietary oxidative balance score and cardiovascular disease with mortality in older adults: evidence from NHANES.

: We conducted an assessment to explore potential associations of the dietary oxidative balance score (DOBS), cardiovascular disease (CVD), with all-cause mortality among older adults, while also exploring the potential moderating effect of DOBS on the relationship between CVD and mortality. : This study included 9059 older adults (≥60 years) from NHANES 2003-2014. Determination of DOBS involves scoring the combination of 16 nutrients, comprising 2 pro-oxidants and 14 anti-oxidants.

Protocol for recording neural activity evoked by electrical stimulation in mice using two-photon calcium imaging.

Electrical stimulation provides a clinically viable approach for treating neurological disorders. Here, we present a protocol for recording neural activity evoked by electrical stimulation in mice using two-photon calcium imaging. We detail steps for chronically implanting a head fixation bar, a stimulating electrode, and a glass imaging window.

Zeb1-controlled metabolic plasticity enables remodeling of chromatin accessibility in the development of neuroendocrine prostate cancer.

Cell plasticity has been found to play a critical role in tumor progression and therapy resistance. However, our understanding of the characteristics and markers of plastic cellular states during cancer cell lineage transition remains limited. In this study, multi-omics analyses show that prostate cancer cells undergo an intermediate state marked by Zeb1 expression with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), stemness, and neuroendocrine features during the development of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC).

General Model for Predicting Response of Gas-Sensitive Materials to Target Gas Based on Machine Learning.

Gas sensors play a crucial role in various industries and applications. In recent years, there has been an increasing demand for gas sensors in society. However, the current method for screening gas-sensitive materials is time-, energy-, and cost-consuming.

Research progress on the functions and biosynthesis of theaflavins.

Theaflavins are beneficial to human health due to various bioactivities. Biosynthesis of theaflavins using polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is advantageous due to cost effectiveness and environmental friendliness. In this review, studies on the mechanism of theaflavins formation, the procedures to screen and prepare PPOs, optimization of reaction systems and immobilization of PPOs were described.

Magnetic nanoparticle-mediated enrichment technology combined with microfluidic single cell separation technology: A technology for efficient separation and degradation of functional bacteria in single cell liquid phase.

Although there are many microorganisms in nature, the limitations of isolation and cultivation conditions have restricted the development of artificial enhanced remediation technology using functional microbial communities. In this study, an integrated technology of Magnetic Nanoparticle-mediated Enrichment (MME) and Microfluidic Single Cell separation (MSC) that breaks through the bottleneck of traditional separation and cultivation techniques and can efficiently obtain more in situ functional microorganisms from the environment was developed. MME technology was first used to enrich rapidly growing active bacteria in the environment.