Association between systemic inflammatory markers and all-cause mortality in patients with stroke: A prospective study using data from the UK Biobank.

Background And Aims: The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) are novel inflammatory biomarkers used to determine various disease prognoses. However, the effects of these systemic inflammatory markers on all-cause mortality in patients with stroke remain unclear.

Methods: We used data from the UK Biobank for this prospective analysis.

Ketamine alleviates PTSD-like effect and improves hippocampal synaptic plasticity via regulation of GSK-3β/GR signaling of rats.

Background: Each year, 3-4% of the global population experiences post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a chronic mental disorder with significant social and economic repercussions. Although it has been shown that ketamine can effectively alleviate PTSD symptoms in individuals, the specific mechanism of action underlying its anti-PTSD effects remains unclear. In this study, we investigated how a single, low dose of ketamine affected the glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β)/glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling pathway in a single prolonged stress (SPS)-induced PTSD rat model.

Lipoproteins and metabolites in diagnosing and predicting Alzheimer's disease using machine learning.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that poses a substantial economic burden. The Random forest algorithm is effective in predicting AD; however, the key factors influencing AD onset remain unclear. This study aimed to analyze the key lipoprotein and metabolite factors influencing AD onset using machine-learning methods.

Metal ion stimulation-related gene signatures correlate with clinical and immunologic characteristics of glioma.

Background: Environmental factors serve as one of the important pathogenic factors for gliomas. Yet people focus only on the effect of electromagnetic radiation on its pathogenicity, while metals in the environment are neglected. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between metal ion stimulation and the clinical characteristics and immune status of GM patients.

Ketamine alleviates fear memory and spatial cognition deficits in a PTSD rat model via the BDNF signaling pathway of the hippocampus and amygdala.

Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with traumatic stress experiences. This condition can be accompanied by learning and cognitive deficits. Studies have demonstrated that ketamine can rapidly and significantly alleviate symptoms in patients with chronic PTSD.

Knowledge, psychological impacts, and protective behaviours during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic among Chinese residents in Canada with dependent school-age children: a cross-sectional online study.

Background: The purpose of this study was to describe the knowledge, protective behaviours, and psychological impact of COVID-19 on Chinese residents in Canada, as the emotional and behavioural impacts of the pandemic have not been intensively studied amongst these populations. It was important to determine whether having dependent school-age children (DSAC) aged 16 or under was associated with adverse psychological impacts amongst the Chinese residents living in the country.

Methods: In April 2020, 757 eligible participants were recruited through a snowball sampling to complete an online survey related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

SETBP1 mutation determines sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma and NSCLC.

SET binding protein 1 (SETBP1) plays crucial roles in various biological processes; however, its involvement in cancer immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatments has never been studied. In this study, we collected a total of 631 melanoma and 109 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) samples treated with ICI agents (i.e.

Pulmonary resection of residual lesions of pulmonary metastasis from gestational trophoblastic neoplasia.

Objective: To evaluate the prognosis and recurrence in patients with residual lesions of pulmonary metastasis from gestational trophoblastic neoplasia after initial treatment, and to explore the clinical significance of pulmonary resection.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 606 patients with residual lesions from pulmonary metastasis after receiving standardized chemotherapy as initial treatment in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2002 to December 2018. Patients were divided into surgery (51 patients) and non-surgery (555 patients) groups.

The research landscape of the quality of life or psychological impact on gynecological cancer patients: A bibliometric analysis.

Background: Gynecological cancer is one of the most common cancers in women. The quality of life (QoL) or psychological impact has emerged as an outcome indicator in many clinical trials of gynecological cancer and gained much concern in the clinical setting at the start of the 21st century. Our paper conducted a bibliometric analysis of QoL or psychological impact on gynecological cancer patients to show the status and hotspots.

A mutational signature and significantly mutated driver genes associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor response across multiple cancers.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatments dramatically prolong the survival outcomes of several advanced cancers. However, as multiple studies reported, only a subset of patients could benefit from the ICI treatment. In this study, we aim to uncover novel molecular biomarkers predictive of immunotherapy efficacy across multiple cancers.

Bioinformatic analysis identifies the immunological profile of turner syndrome with different X chromosome origins.

Introduction: Turner syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal disorder that affects phenotypic females who have one intact X chromosome and complete or partial absence of the second sex chromosome in association with one or more clinical manifestations. However, the immunological profile of TS with different X chromosome origins is incompletely understood.

Methods: In this study, transcriptomic expression profiles of 26 TS (45,X) samples and 10 normal karyotype (46,XX) samples derived from GSE46687 cohort were employed.

Management and Predictors of Treatment Failure in Patients with Chemo-Resistant/Relapsed Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia with Lung Metastasis.

The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of a combined treatment modality of salvage chemotherapy and pulmonary resection in chemo-resistant/relapsed gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) with lung metastasis and identify predictors of treatment failure. Data of patients with chemo-resistant/relapsed GTN with lung metastasis who received salvage chemotherapy combined with pulmonary resection were retrospectively analyzed. Among 134 included patients, the number of preoperative chemotherapy regimens ranged from 2−8 (median, 3), and courses ranged from 4−37 (median, 14).

The Effects of Cancer Beliefs and Sociodemographic Factors on Colorectal Cancer Screening Behaviours in Newfoundland and Labrador.

Objectives: This study investigated the beliefs about cancer treatment, outcomes, and screening among adults aged 50−74 in Newfoundland and Labrador and whether these beliefs or sociodemographic factors were associated with differences in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening behaviours. Methods: This analysis uses data collected from an online survey of adults on cancer awareness and prevention in NL. Chi-square tests were used to assess differences in distributions of beliefs based on CRC screening behaviour.

(2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine acts through GluA1-induced synaptic plasticity to alleviate PTSD-like effects in rat models.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating mental disorder with high morbidity and great social and economic relevance. However, extant pharmacotherapies of PTSD require long-term use to maintain effectiveness and have enormous side effects. The glutamatergic system, especially the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR), is an important target of current research on the mechanism of PTSD.

Fatty Acid Synthase Mutations Predict Favorable Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Outcome and Response in Melanoma and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients.

Fatty acid synthase (FASN) acts as the central member in fatty acid synthesis and metabolism processes, which regulate oncogenic signals and tumor immunogenicity. To date, no studies have reported the connection of FASN mutations with ICI efficacy. In this study, from 631 melanoma and 109 NSCLC patients who received ICI treatments, we retrospectively curated multiomics profiles and ICI treatment data.

Incidence and trends of hepatic cancer among children and adolescents in the United States from 2000 to 2017: Evidence from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry data.

Objective: Primary liver tumors are rare pediatric malignancies. Knowledge of the epidemiology of pediatric liver tumors is limited. This study aims to present the national incidence trends of pediatric liver tumors over 18 years, according to sociodemographic and histological subtype variation.

P(v-a)CO/C(a-v)O as a red blood cell transfusion trigger and prognostic indicator for sepsis-related anaemia: protocol for a prospective cohort study.

Introduction: Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion primarily aims to improve oxygen transport and tissue oxygenation. The transfusion strategy based on haemoglobin concentration could not accurately reflect cellular metabolism. The ratio of venous-arterial carbon dioxide tension difference to arterial-venous oxygen content difference (P(v-a)CO/C(a-v)O) is a good indicator of cellular hypoxia.

Prevalence of Oral Exostoses in Northern China During the Past Six Millennia-From a Sex and Age Perspective.

This study is intended to investigate oral exostoses of 5 sample populations, spanning over 6000 years, from the same region of Northern China, to determine the significance of sex and age on the development of oral exostoses during each time period. The samples analyzed were 306 dry jaws from human skeletons, which were excavated from 4 archeological sites: Banpo (6700-5600 y BP), Shaolingyuan (3000 y BP), Shanren (2200 y BP), and Chang'an (1000-1300 y BP), as well as the modern Xi'an district. The sex and the age of the samples at death were estimated.

Mutation Association with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Outcome in Melanoma and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) markedly promote the survival outcome of advanced melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Clinically, favorable ICI treatment efficacy is noticed only in a smaller proportion of patients. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 (HSPG2) frequently mutates in both tumors.

Pediatric neurological cancer incidence and trends in the United States, 2000-2018.

Objective: To characterize the epidemiological trends and sociodemographic variation of pediatric and adolescent neurological cancers by histological subtypes over time in the USA.

Methods: A total of 16,511 patients aged 0-19 years diagnosed with neurological cancers between 2000 and 2018, including 13,024 with central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms and 3,487 with neuroblastomas, were identified from 18 registries of the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Incidence trends over time and incidence rate ratios by race/ethnicity, sex, and age were calculated for histological subtype.

Novel Molecular Determinants of Response or Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapies in Melanoma.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy dramatically prolongs melanoma survival. Currently, the identified ICI markers are sometimes ineffective. The objective of this study was to identify novel determinants of ICI efficacy.

An aging-related signature predicts favorable outcome and immunogenicity in lung adenocarcinoma.

Aging has been demonstrated to play vital roles in the prognosis and treatment efficacy of cancers, including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). This novel study aimed to construct an aging-related risk signature to evaluate the prognosis and immunogenicity of LUAD. Transcriptomic profiles and clinical information were collected from a total of 2518 LUAD patients from 12 independent cohorts.

Association of PTPRT mutations with immune checkpoint inhibitors response and outcome in melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer.

Purpose: Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type T (PTPRT), which is a well-known phosphatase and mutates frequently in melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Our research aims to elucidate its mutation association with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) efficacy.

Methods: We integrated whole-exome sequencing (WES)-based somatic mutation profiles and clinical characteristics of 631 melanoma samples received ICI agents from eight studies and 109 NSCLC samples from two studies.