Power suppression in EEG after the onset of SAH is a significant marker of early brain injury in rat models.

We analyzed the correlation between the duration of electroencephalogram (EEG) recovery and histological outcome in rats in the acute stage of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) to find a new predictor of the subsequent outcome. SAH was induced in eight rats by cisternal blood injection, and the duration of cortical depolarization was measured. EEG power spectrums were given by time frequency analysis, and histology was evaluated.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation May Not Stop Glutamate Release in the Cerebral Cortex.

Background: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may not be sufficient to halt the progression of brain damage. Using extracellular glutamate concentration as a marker for neuronal damage, we quantitatively evaluated the degree of brain damage during resuscitation without return of spontaneous circulation.

Materials And Methods: Extracellular cerebral glutamate concentration was measured with a microdialysis probe every 2 minutes for 40 minutes after electrical stimulation-induced cardiac arrest without return of spontaneous circulation in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Trends in Incidence of Intracranial and Spinal Arteriovenous Shunts: Hospital-Based Surveillance in Okayama, Japan.

Background And Purpose: To date, the incidence of intracranial and spinal arteriovenous shunts has not been thoroughly investigated. We aimed to clarify recent trends in the rates of intracranial and spinal arteriovenous shunts in Japan.

Methods: We conducted multicenter hospital-based surveillance at 8 core hospitals in Okayama Prefecture between April 1, 2009 and March 31, 2019.

4-Hydroxyl-2-Nonenal Localized Expression Pattern in Retrieved Clots is Associated with Large Artery Atherosclerosis in Stroke Patients.

Objectives: The relationship between stroke etiology and clot pathology remains controversial.

Materials And Methods: We performed histological analysis of clots retrieved from 52 acute ischemic stroke patients using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry (CD42b and oxidative/hypoxic stress markers). The correlations between clot composition and the stroke etiological group (i.

A Patient with a Cavernous Sinus Dural Arteriovenous Fistula in Whom an Approach through the Jugular Venous Arch Involving Facial Vein Return Was Adopted.

Objective: We report the case of a cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula (CSdAVF) treated by transvenous embolization (TVE) via the jugular venous arch (JVA) connecting bilateral superficial cervical veins.

Case Presentation: A male patient in his 50s presenting with diplopia and headache was diagnosed with a CSdAVF. The first session of TVE resulted in incomplete obliteration of the fistula due to poor accessibility through the inferior petrosal sinus (IPS), and postoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA) disclosed a newly developed drainage route into the facial vein (FV) connecting to the anterior jugular vein (AJV) and the JVA.

Metal artifact reduction algorithm for image quality improvement of cone-beam CT images of medium or large cerebral aneurysms treated with stent-assisted coil embolization.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to assess image quality improvement using a metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithm in cases of medium or large cerebral aneurysms treated with stent-assisted coil embolization (SAC), and to analyze factors associated with the usefulness of the MAR algorithm.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data sets of 18 patients with cerebral aneurysms treated with SAC. For subjective analysis, images of all cases with and without MAR processing were evaluated by five neurosurgeons based on four criteria using a five-point scale.

NADH fluorescence imaging and the histological impact of cortical spreading depolarization during the acute phase of subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats.

OBJECTIVE Although cortical spreading depolarization (CSD) has been observed during the early phase of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in clinical settings, the pathogenicity of CSD is unclear. The aim of this study is to elucidate the effects of loss of membrane potential on neuronal damage during the acute phase of SAH. METHODS Twenty-four rats were subjected to SAH by the perforation method.

Combined gene therapy with vascular endothelial growth factor plus apelin in a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model in rats.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate whether combined gene therapy with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plus apelin during indirect vasoreconstructive surgery enhances brain angiogenesis in a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model in rats. METHODS A chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model induced by the permanent ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries (CCAs; a procedure herein referred to as "CCA occlusion" [CCAO]) in rats was employed in this study. Seven days after the CCAO procedure, the authors performed encephalo-myo-synangiosis (EMS) and injected plasmid(s) into each rat's temporal muscle.

[A Case of Traumatic Vertebral Arteriovenous Fistula Treated by Internal Trapping of the Vertebral Artery].

Background: Traumatic vertebral arteriovenous fistula (TVAVF) is an uncommon disease that occurs after traumatic injury. Here we report a case of TVAVF presenting with cervical bruit successfully treated by internal trapping using coils.

Case Presentation: A 66-year-old man was transferred to our hospital after falling into a ditch.

Cerebral vasospasm in patients over 80 years treated by coil embolization for ruptured cerebral aneurysms.

Object: The effect on clinical outcomes of symptomatic vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in patients over 80 years who underwent coil embolization was evaluated.

Methods: Forty-four cases were reviewed and divided into two groups according to patient age: Group A, 79 years or younger, and Group B, 80 or older. Patient characteristics, prevalence of symptomatic vasospasm, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at discharge and frequency of symptomatic vasospasm in patients with mRS scores of 3-6 were analyzed.